This seems to be kfree() before RCU grace period. struct block_device *bdev_alloc(struct gendisk *disk, u8 partno) { struct block_device *bdev; struct inode *inode; inode = new_inode(blockdev_superblock); if (!inode) return NULL; inode->i_mode = S_IFBLK; inode->i_rdev = 0; inode->i_data.a_ops = &def_blk_aops; mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER); bdev = I_BDEV(inode); mutex_init(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex); spin_lock_init(&bdev->bd_size_lock); bdev->bd_disk = disk; // <= Assigns pointer to "disk". bdev->bd_partno = partno; bdev->bd_inode = inode; bdev->bd_stats = alloc_percpu(struct disk_stats); if (!bdev->bd_stats) { iput(inode); // <= Will call bdev_free_inode() via i_callback() after RCU from destroy_inode() from evict() from iput_final() from iput(). return NULL; } return bdev; } struct gendisk *__alloc_disk_node(struct request_queue *q, int node_id, struct lock_class_key *lkclass) { struct gendisk *disk; if (!blk_get_queue(q)) return NULL; disk = kzalloc_node(sizeof(struct gendisk), GFP_KERNEL, node_id); if (!disk) goto out_put_queue; disk->bdi = bdi_alloc(node_id); if (!disk->bdi) goto out_free_disk; disk->part0 = bdev_alloc(disk, 0); if (!disk->part0) goto out_free_bdi; disk->node_id = node_id; mutex_init(&disk->open_mutex); xa_init(&disk->part_tbl); if (xa_insert(&disk->part_tbl, 0, disk->part0, GFP_KERNEL)) goto out_destroy_part_tbl; rand_initialize_disk(disk); disk_to_dev(disk)->class = &block_class; disk_to_dev(disk)->type = &disk_type; device_initialize(disk_to_dev(disk)); inc_diskseq(disk); disk->queue = q; q->disk = disk; lockdep_init_map(&disk->lockdep_map, "(bio completion)", lkclass, 0); #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK_HOLDER_DEPRECATED INIT_LIST_HEAD(&disk->slave_bdevs); #endif return disk; out_destroy_part_tbl: xa_destroy(&disk->part_tbl); iput(disk->part0->bd_inode); // <= The same race problem exists? out_free_bdi: bdi_put(disk->bdi); out_free_disk: kfree(disk); // <= Releasing "disk" despite "disk->part0->bd_disk == disk" when bdev_free_inode() will dereference ->bd_disk after RCU. out_put_queue: blk_put_queue(q); return NULL; }