[PATCH v2] blk-mq: Fix races between iterating over requests and freeing requests

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Multiple users have reported use-after-free complaints similar to the
complaint shown below. When multiple request queues share a tag set and
when switching the I/O scheduler for one of the request queues that uses
this tag set, the following race can happen:
* blk_mq_tagset_busy_iter() calls bt_tags_iter() and bt_tags_iter() assigns
  a pointer to a scheduler request to the local variable 'rq'.
* blk_mq_sched_free_requests() is called to free hctx->sched_tags.
* blk_mq_tagset_busy_iter() dereferences 'rq' and triggers a use-after-free.

Fix this race as follows:
* Use rcu_assign_pointer() and srcu_dereference() to access hctx->tags->rqs[].
  The performance impact of the assignments added to the hot path is minimal
  (about 1% according to one particular test).
* Protect hctx->tags->rqs[] reads with an SRCU read-side lock. Use a global
  lock in order not to increase the size of struct tagset.
* Call synchronize_srcu() before freeing scheduler requests.

>From https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/1545261885.185366.488.camel@xxxxxxx/:

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in bt_iter+0x86/0xf0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88803b335240 by task fio/21412

CPU: 0 PID: 21412 Comm: fio Tainted: G        W         4.20.0-rc6-dbg+ #3
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
 dump_stack+0x86/0xca
 print_address_description+0x71/0x239
 kasan_report.cold.5+0x242/0x301
 __asan_load8+0x54/0x90
 bt_iter+0x86/0xf0
 blk_mq_queue_tag_busy_iter+0x373/0x5e0
 blk_mq_in_flight+0x96/0xb0
 part_in_flight+0x40/0x140
 part_round_stats+0x18e/0x370
 blk_account_io_start+0x3d7/0x670
 blk_mq_bio_to_request+0x19c/0x3a0
 blk_mq_make_request+0x7a9/0xcb0
 generic_make_request+0x41d/0x960
 submit_bio+0x9b/0x250
 do_blockdev_direct_IO+0x435c/0x4c70
 __blockdev_direct_IO+0x79/0x88
 ext4_direct_IO+0x46c/0xc00
 generic_file_direct_write+0x119/0x210
 __generic_file_write_iter+0x11c/0x280
 ext4_file_write_iter+0x1b8/0x6f0
 aio_write+0x204/0x310
 io_submit_one+0x9d3/0xe80
 __x64_sys_io_submit+0x115/0x340
 do_syscall_64+0x71/0x210

Tested-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@xxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Khazhy Kumykov <khazhy@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@xxxxxx>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@xxxxxxx>
---

Changes compared to v1:
- Reformatted patch description.
- Added Tested-by/Reviewed-by tags.
- Changed srcu_barrier() calls into synchronize_srcu() calls.

 block/blk-core.c   |  9 ++++++++-
 block/blk-mq-tag.c | 29 +++++++++++++++++++----------
 block/blk-mq-tag.h |  2 +-
 block/blk-mq.c     | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
 block/blk-mq.h     |  1 +
 block/blk.h        |  7 +++++++
 6 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/block/blk-core.c b/block/blk-core.c
index fc60ff208497..437ca1406c7c 100644
--- a/block/blk-core.c
+++ b/block/blk-core.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "blk-pm.h"
 #include "blk-rq-qos.h"
 
+DEFINE_SRCU(blk_sched_srcu);
 struct dentry *blk_debugfs_root;
 
 EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);
@@ -412,8 +413,14 @@ void blk_cleanup_queue(struct request_queue *q)
 	 * it is safe to free requests now.
 	 */
 	mutex_lock(&q->sysfs_lock);
-	if (q->elevator)
+	if (q->elevator) {
+		/*
+		 * Barrier between clearing hctx->tags->rqs[] and freeing
+		 * scheduler requests.
+		 */
+		synchronize_srcu(&blk_sched_srcu);
 		blk_mq_sched_free_requests(q);
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&q->sysfs_lock);
 
 	percpu_ref_exit(&q->q_usage_counter);
diff --git a/block/blk-mq-tag.c b/block/blk-mq-tag.c
index 9c92053e704d..f3afaf1520cd 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq-tag.c
+++ b/block/blk-mq-tag.c
@@ -206,18 +206,24 @@ static bool bt_iter(struct sbitmap *bitmap, unsigned int bitnr, void *data)
 	struct blk_mq_tags *tags = hctx->tags;
 	bool reserved = iter_data->reserved;
 	struct request *rq;
+	bool res = true;
+	int idx;
 
 	if (!reserved)
 		bitnr += tags->nr_reserved_tags;
-	rq = tags->rqs[bitnr];
+
+	idx = srcu_read_lock(&blk_sched_srcu);
+	rq = srcu_dereference(tags->rqs[bitnr], &blk_sched_srcu);
 
 	/*
 	 * We can hit rq == NULL here, because the tagging functions
 	 * test and set the bit before assigning ->rqs[].
 	 */
 	if (rq && rq->q == hctx->queue && rq->mq_hctx == hctx)
-		return iter_data->fn(hctx, rq, iter_data->data, reserved);
-	return true;
+		res = iter_data->fn(hctx, rq, iter_data->data, reserved);
+	srcu_read_unlock(&blk_sched_srcu, idx);
+
+	return res;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -264,10 +270,13 @@ static bool bt_tags_iter(struct sbitmap *bitmap, unsigned int bitnr, void *data)
 	struct blk_mq_tags *tags = iter_data->tags;
 	bool reserved = iter_data->flags & BT_TAG_ITER_RESERVED;
 	struct request *rq;
+	bool res = true;
+	int idx;
 
 	if (!reserved)
 		bitnr += tags->nr_reserved_tags;
 
+	idx = srcu_read_lock(&blk_sched_srcu);
 	/*
 	 * We can hit rq == NULL here, because the tagging functions
 	 * test and set the bit before assigning ->rqs[].
@@ -275,13 +284,13 @@ static bool bt_tags_iter(struct sbitmap *bitmap, unsigned int bitnr, void *data)
 	if (iter_data->flags & BT_TAG_ITER_STATIC_RQS)
 		rq = tags->static_rqs[bitnr];
 	else
-		rq = tags->rqs[bitnr];
-	if (!rq)
-		return true;
-	if ((iter_data->flags & BT_TAG_ITER_STARTED) &&
-	    !blk_mq_request_started(rq))
-		return true;
-	return iter_data->fn(rq, iter_data->data, reserved);
+		rq = srcu_dereference(tags->rqs[bitnr], &blk_sched_srcu);
+	if (rq && (!(iter_data->flags & BT_TAG_ITER_STARTED) ||
+		   blk_mq_request_started(rq)))
+		res = iter_data->fn(rq, iter_data->data, reserved);
+	srcu_read_unlock(&blk_sched_srcu, idx);
+
+	return res;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/block/blk-mq-tag.h b/block/blk-mq-tag.h
index 7d3e6b333a4a..7a6d04733261 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq-tag.h
+++ b/block/blk-mq-tag.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct blk_mq_tags {
 	struct sbitmap_queue __bitmap_tags;
 	struct sbitmap_queue __breserved_tags;
 
-	struct request **rqs;
+	struct request __rcu **rqs;
 	struct request **static_rqs;
 	struct list_head page_list;
 };
diff --git a/block/blk-mq.c b/block/blk-mq.c
index d4d7c1caa439..4a5ea6096f39 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.c
+++ b/block/blk-mq.c
@@ -495,8 +495,10 @@ static void __blk_mq_free_request(struct request *rq)
 	blk_crypto_free_request(rq);
 	blk_pm_mark_last_busy(rq);
 	rq->mq_hctx = NULL;
-	if (rq->tag != BLK_MQ_NO_TAG)
+	if (rq->tag != BLK_MQ_NO_TAG) {
 		blk_mq_put_tag(hctx->tags, ctx, rq->tag);
+		rcu_assign_pointer(hctx->tags->rqs[rq->tag], NULL);
+	}
 	if (sched_tag != BLK_MQ_NO_TAG)
 		blk_mq_put_tag(hctx->sched_tags, ctx, sched_tag);
 	blk_mq_sched_restart(hctx);
@@ -838,9 +840,21 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_mq_delay_kick_requeue_list);
 
 struct request *blk_mq_tag_to_rq(struct blk_mq_tags *tags, unsigned int tag)
 {
+	struct request *rq;
+
 	if (tag < tags->nr_tags) {
-		prefetch(tags->rqs[tag]);
-		return tags->rqs[tag];
+		/*
+		 * Freeing tags happens with the request queue frozen so the
+		 * srcu dereference below is protected by the request queue
+		 * usage count. We can only verify that usage count after
+		 * having read the request pointer.
+		 */
+		rq = srcu_dereference_check(tags->rqs[tag], &blk_sched_srcu,
+					    true);
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) && rq &&
+			     percpu_ref_is_zero(&rq->q->q_usage_counter));
+		prefetch(rq);
+		return rq;
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
@@ -1111,7 +1125,7 @@ static bool blk_mq_get_driver_tag(struct request *rq)
 		rq->rq_flags |= RQF_MQ_INFLIGHT;
 		__blk_mq_inc_active_requests(hctx);
 	}
-	hctx->tags->rqs[rq->tag] = rq;
+	rcu_assign_pointer(hctx->tags->rqs[rq->tag], rq);
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/block/blk-mq.h b/block/blk-mq.h
index 3616453ca28c..9ccb1818303b 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.h
+++ b/block/blk-mq.h
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ static inline void __blk_mq_put_driver_tag(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
 					   struct request *rq)
 {
 	blk_mq_put_tag(hctx->tags, rq->mq_ctx, rq->tag);
+	rcu_assign_pointer(hctx->tags->rqs[rq->tag], NULL);
 	rq->tag = BLK_MQ_NO_TAG;
 
 	if (rq->rq_flags & RQF_MQ_INFLIGHT) {
diff --git a/block/blk.h b/block/blk.h
index 3b53e44b967e..674c82d247c7 100644
--- a/block/blk.h
+++ b/block/blk.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 /* Max future timer expiry for timeouts */
 #define BLK_MAX_TIMEOUT		(5 * HZ)
 
+extern struct srcu_struct blk_sched_srcu;
+
 extern struct dentry *blk_debugfs_root;
 
 struct blk_flush_queue {
@@ -203,6 +205,11 @@ static inline void elevator_exit(struct request_queue *q,
 {
 	lockdep_assert_held(&q->sysfs_lock);
 
+	/*
+	 * Barrier between clearing hctx->tags->rqs[] and freeing scheduler
+	 * requests.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&blk_sched_srcu);
 	blk_mq_sched_free_requests(q);
 	__elevator_exit(q, e);
 }



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