Hi All, After KPTI is merged, there is extra load introduced to context switch between user space and kernel space. It is observed on my laptop that one syscall takes extra ~0.15us[1] compared with 'nopti'. IO performance is affected too, it is observed that IOPS drops by 32% in my test[2] on null_blk compared with 'nopti': randread IOPS on latest linus tree: ------------------------------------------------- | randread IOPS | randread IOPS with 'nopti'| ------------------------------------------------ | 928K | 1372K | ------------------------------------------------ Two paths are affected, one is IO submission(read, write,... syscall), another is the IO completion path in which interrupt may be triggered from user space, and context switch is needed. So is there something we can do for decreasing the effect on IO performance? This effect may make Hannes's issue[3] worse, and maybe 'irq poll' should be used more widely for all high performance IO device, even some optimization should be considered for KPTI's effect. [1] http://people.redhat.com/minlei/tests/tools/syscall_speed.c [2] http://people.redhat.com/minlei/tests/tools/null_perf [3] [LSF/MM TOPIC] irq affinity handling for high CPU count machines https://marc.info/?t=151722156800002&r=1&w=2 Thanks, Ming
