On Wed, Oct 18, 2017 at 06:52:54PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote: > + > +static void nvme_put_subsystem(struct nvme_subsystem *subsys) > +{ > + put_device(&subsys->dev); > +} <snip> > +static int nvme_init_subsystem(struct nvme_ctrl *ctrl, struct nvme_id_ctrl *id) > +{ > + struct nvme_subsystem *subsys, *found; > + int ret; > + > + subsys = kzalloc(sizeof(*subsys), GFP_KERNEL); > + if (!subsys) > + return -ENOMEM; > + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subsys->ctrls); > + nvme_init_subnqn(subsys, ctrl, id); > + memcpy(subsys->serial, id->sn, sizeof(subsys->serial)); > + memcpy(subsys->model, id->mn, sizeof(subsys->model)); > + memcpy(subsys->firmware_rev, id->fr, sizeof(subsys->firmware_rev)); > + subsys->vendor_id = le16_to_cpu(id->vid); > + mutex_init(&subsys->lock); > + > + subsys->dev.class = nvme_subsys_class; > + subsys->dev.release = nvme_free_subsystem; > + dev_set_name(&subsys->dev, subsys->subnqn); > + device_initialize(&subsys->dev); > + > + mutex_lock(&nvme_subsystems_lock); > + found = __nvme_find_get_subsystem(subsys->subnqn); > + if (found) { > + /* > + * Verify that the subsystem actually supports multiple > + * controllers, else bail out. > + */ > + if (!(id->cmic & (1 << 1))) { > + dev_err(ctrl->device, > + "ignoring ctrl due to duplicate subnqn (%s).\n", > + found->subnqn); > + nvme_put_subsystem(found); > + ret = -EINVAL; > + goto out_unlock; > + } > + > + kfree(subsys); > + subsys = found; > + } else { > + ret = device_add(&subsys->dev); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(ctrl->device, > + "failed to register subsystem device.\n"); > + goto out_unlock; > + } > + list_add_tail(&subsys->entry, &nvme_subsystems); > + } I'm having some trouble with this one. The device_initialize() initializes the kobj's reference counter, and then the device_add() takes another reference on it. The teardown, though, only calls put_device(). Where's the call to device_del() supposed to go that ultimately drops the last reference to call the .release 'nvme_free_subsystem'?