On Fri, 2023-11-03 at 01:15 -0700, Christoph Hellwig wrote: > You need to look into the splitting code to see why the splits are > suboptimal for your device. We can't limit the upper bio size as > we have code relying on it not having arbitrary limits. > The splitting code is working correctly based on the queue limit. However, since 5.1, full bios are no longer a fixed size and often do not align with the queue limit. This results in the block layer splitting some small fragments when submitting consecutive full bios. I don't think this is specific to a particular device. While I understand your point about not limiting the bio size, in the past, the 1MB limit prevented the generation of fragmented bios during the splitting.