Gunyah is an open-source Type-1 hypervisor developed by Qualcomm. It does not depend on any lower-privileged OS/kernel code for its core functionality. This increases its security and can support a smaller trusted computing based when compared to Type-2 hypervisors. Add documentation describing the Gunyah hypervisor and the main components of the Gunyah hypervisor which are of interest to Linux virtualization development. Signed-off-by: Elliot Berman <quic_eberman@xxxxxxxxxxx> --- Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst | 52 ++++++++++++ Documentation/virt/index.rst | 1 + MAINTAINERS | 7 ++ 4 files changed, 152 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst diff --git a/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e7bb2b14543e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +================= +Gunyah Hypervisor +================= + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + message-queue + +Gunyah is a Type-1 hypervisor which is independent of any OS kernel, and runs in +a higher CPU privilege level. It does not depend on any lower-privileged operating system +for its core functionality. This increases its security and can support a much smaller +trusted computing base than a Type-2 hypervisor. + +Gunyah is an open source hypervisor. The source repo is available at +https://github.com/quic/gunyah-hypervisor. + +Gunyah provides these following features. + +- Scheduling: + A scheduler for virtual CPUs (VCPUs) on physical CPUs and enables time-sharing + of the CPUs. +- Memory Management: + APIs handling memory, abstracted as objects, limiting direct use of physical + addresses. Memory ownership and usage tracking of all memory under its control. + Memory partitioning between VMs is a fundamental security feature. +- Interrupt Virtualization: + Uses CPU hardware interrupt virtualization capabilities. Interrupts are handled + in the hypervisor and routed to the assigned VM. +- Inter-VM Communication: + There are several different mechanisms provided for communicating between VMs. +- Virtual platform: + Architectural devices such as interrupt controllers and CPU timers are directly provided + by the hypervisor as well as core virtual platform devices and system APIs such as ARM PSCI. +- Device Virtualization: + Para-virtualization of devices is supported using inter-VM communication. + +Architectures supported +======================= +AArch64 with a GIC + +Resources and Capabilities +========================== + +Some services or resources provided by the Gunyah hypervisor are described by capability IDs. +For instance, inter-VM communication is performed with doorbells and message queues. The specific +instance of a doorbell is described by a capability ID. These devices are described in Linux as a +struct gunyah_device. + +High level management of these resources is performed by the resource manager VM. RM informs a +guest VM about resources it can access through either the device tree or via guest-initiated RPC. + +Resource Manager +================ + +The resource manager (RM) is a privileged application VM supporting the Gunyah Hypervisor. +It provides policy enforcement aspects of the virtualization system. The resource manager can +be treated as an extension of the Hypervisor but is separated to its own partition to ensure +that the hypervisor layer itself remains small and secure and to maintain a separation of policy +and mechanism in the platform. On arm64, RM runs at NS-EL1 similar to other virtual machines. + +Communication with the resource manager from each guest VM happens with message-queue.rst. Details +about the specific messages can be found in drivers/virt/gunyah/rsc_mgr.c + +:: + +-------+ +--------+ +--------+ + | RM | | VM_A | | VM_B | + +-.-.-.-+ +---.----+ +---.----+ + | | | | + +-.-.-----------.------------.----+ + | | \==========/ | | + | \========================/ | + | Gunyah | + +---------------------------------+ + +The source for the resource manager is available at https://github.com/quic/gunyah-resource-manager. + +The resource manager provides the following features: + +- Generate device-tree overlay +- VM creation and deletion +- VM device-tree management +- VM access control policy +- Interrupt routing configuration + +When booting a virtual machine which uses a devicetree, resource manager overlays a +/hypervisor node. This node can let Linux know it is running as a Gunyah guest VM, +how to communicate with resource manager, and basic description and capabilities of +this VM. See Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gunyah/qcom,hypervisor.yml for a description +of this node. diff --git a/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..afd405f3a5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +Message Queues +============== +Message queue is a simple low-capacity IPC channel between two VMs. It is +intended for sending small control and configuration messages. Each message +queue object is unidirectional, so a full-duplex IPC channel requires a pair of +objects. + +Messages can be up to 240 bytes in length. Longer messages require a further +protocol on top of the message queue messages themselves. For instance, communication +with the resource manager adds a header field for sending longer messages via multiple +message fragments. + +The diagram below shows how message queue works. A typical configuration involves +2 message queues. Message queue 1 allows VM_A to send messages to VM_B. Message +queue 2 allows VM_B to send messages to VM_A. + +1. VM_A sends a message of up to 240 bytes in length. It raises a hypercall + with the message to inform the hypervisor to add the message to + message queue 1's queue. +2. Gunyah raises the corresponding interrupt for VM_B when any of these happens: + a. gh_msgq_send has PUSH flag. Queue is immediately flushed. This is the typical case. + b. Explicility with gh_msgq_push command from VM_A. + c. Message queue has reached a threshold depth. +3. VM_B calls gh_msgq_recv and Gunyah copies message to requested buffer. + +For VM_B to send a message to VM_A, the process is identical, except that hypercalls +reference message queue 2's capability ID. + +:: + + +---------------+ +-----------------+ +---------------+ + | VM_A | |Gunyah hypervisor| | VM_B | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + | | Tx | | | | + | |-------->| | Rx vIRQ | | + |gh_msgq_send() | Tx vIRQ |Message queue 1 |-------->|gh_msgq_recv() | + | |<------- | | | | + | | | | | | + | Message Queue | | | | Message Queue | + | driver | | | | driver | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + | | | | Tx | | + | | Rx vIRQ | |<--------| | + |gh_msgq_recv() |<--------|Message queue 2 | Tx vIRQ |gh_msgq_send() | + | | | |-------->| | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + +---------------+ +-----------------+ +---------------+ diff --git a/Documentation/virt/index.rst b/Documentation/virt/index.rst index edea7fea95a8..4080e7f5cad8 100644 --- a/Documentation/virt/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/virt/index.rst @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Linux Virtualization Support guest-halt-polling ne_overview acrn/index + gunyah/index .. only:: html and subproject diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS index 777cd6fa2b3d..bed175adc4c3 100644 --- a/MAINTAINERS +++ b/MAINTAINERS @@ -8395,6 +8395,13 @@ L: linux-efi@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx S: Maintained F: block/partitions/efi.* +GUNYAH HYPERVISOR DRIVER +M: Elliot Berman <quic_eberman@xxxxxxxxxxx> +M: Murali Nalajala <quic_mnalajal@xxxxxxxxxxx> +L: linux-arm-msm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx +S: Maintained +F: Documentation/virt/gunyah/ + H8/300 ARCHITECTURE M: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> L: uclinux-h8-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (moderated for non-subscribers) -- 2.25.1
