The kernel has not yet defined ASSERT(). Indeed, BUG() and WARN() are very clear and can cover most application scenarios. However, some applications require more debugging information and similar behavior to assert(), which cannot be directly provided by BUG() and WARN(). Therefore, many modules independently implement ASSERT(), and most of them are similar, but slightly different, such as: #define ASSERT(expr) \ if(!(expr)) { \ printk( "\n" __FILE__ ":%d: Assertion " #expr " failed!\n",__LINE__); \ panic(#expr); \ } #define ASSERT(x) \ do { \ if (!(x)) { \ printk(KERN_EMERG "assertion failed %s: %d: %s\n", \ __FILE__, __LINE__, #x); \ BUG(); \ } \ } while (0) Some implementations are not optimal for instruction prediction, such as missing unlikely(): #define assert(expr) \ if(!(expr)) { \ printk( "Assertion failed! %s,%s,%s,line=%d\n",\ #expr,__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__); \ BUG(); \ } Some implementations have too little log content information, such as: #define ASSERT(X) \ do { \ if (unlikely(!(X))) { \ printk(KERN_ERR "\n"); \ printk(KERN_ERR "XXX: Assertion failed\n"); \ BUG(); \ } \ } while(0) As we have seen, This makes the code redundant and inconvenient to troubleshoot the system. Therefore, perhaps we need to define two wrappers for BUG() and WARN_ON(), provide the implementation of ASSERT(), simplifyy the code and facilitate problem analysis . Maybe I missed some information, but I think there is a need to clean up the code, maybe in other ways, and more discussion is needed here. If this approach is reasonable, I will clean up these codes later and issue related patches. -- 1.8.3.1