On Thu, Aug 15, 2019 at 5:44 PM Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> From: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@xxxxxxx>
>
> On AArch64 the TCR_EL1.TBI0 bit is set by default, allowing userspace
> (EL0) to perform memory accesses through 64-bit pointers with a non-zero
> top byte. Introduce the document describing the relaxation of the
> syscall ABI that allows userspace to pass certain tagged pointers to
> kernel syscalls.
>
> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@xxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@xxxxxxx>
> Co-developed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst | 155 +++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 155 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst b/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..8808337775d6
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
> +==========================
> +AArch64 TAGGED ADDRESS ABI
> +==========================
> +
> +Authors: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@xxxxxxx>
> + Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx>
> +
> +Date: 15 August 2019
> +
> +This document describes the usage and semantics of the Tagged Address
> +ABI on AArch64 Linux.
> +
> +1. Introduction
> +---------------
> +
> +On AArch64 the TCR_EL1.TBI0 bit is set by default, allowing userspace
> +(EL0) to perform memory accesses through 64-bit pointers with a non-zero
> +top byte. This document describes the relaxation of the syscall ABI that
> +allows userspace to pass certain tagged pointers to kernel syscalls.
> +
> +2. AArch64 Tagged Address ABI
> +-----------------------------
> +
> +From the kernel syscall interface perspective and for the purposes of
> +this document, a "valid tagged pointer" is a pointer with a potentially
> +non-zero top-byte that references an address in the user process address
> +space obtained in one of the following ways:
> +
> +- mmap() done by the process itself (or its parent), where either:
> +
> + - flags have the **MAP_ANONYMOUS** bit set
> + - the file descriptor refers to a regular file (including those
> + returned by memfd_create()) or **/dev/zero**
> +
> +- brk() system call done by the process itself (i.e. the heap area
> + between the initial location of the program break at process creation
> + and its current location).
> +
> +- any memory mapped by the kernel in the address space of the process
> + during creation and with the same restrictions as for mmap() above
> + (e.g. data, bss, stack).
> +
> +The AArch64 Tagged Address ABI has two stages of relaxation depending
> +how the user addresses are used by the kernel:
> +
> +1. User addresses not accessed by the kernel but used for address space
> + management (e.g. mmap(), mprotect(), madvise()). The use of valid
> + tagged pointers in this context is always allowed.
> +
> +2. User addresses accessed by the kernel (e.g. write()). This ABI
> + relaxation is disabled by default and the application thread needs to
> + explicitly enable it via **prctl()** as follows:
> +
> + - **PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL**: enable or disable the AArch64 Tagged
> + Address ABI for the calling thread.
> +
> + The (unsigned int) arg2 argument is a bit mask describing the
> + control mode used:
> +
> + - **PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE**: enable AArch64 Tagged Address ABI.
> + Default status is disabled.
> +
> + Arguments arg3, arg4, and arg5 must be 0.
> +
> + - **PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL**: get the status of the AArch64 Tagged
> + Address ABI for the calling thread.
> +
> + Arguments arg2, arg3, arg4, and arg5 must be 0.
> +
> + The ABI properties described above are thread-scoped, inherited on
> + clone() and fork() and cleared on exec().
> +
> + Calling prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE, 0, 0, 0)
> + returns -EINVAL if the AArch64 Tagged Address ABI is globally disabled
> + by sysctl abi.tagged_addr_disabled=1. The default sysctl
> + abi.tagged_addr_disabled configuration is 0.
> +
> +When the AArch64 Tagged Address ABI is enabled for a thread, the
> +following behaviours are guaranteed:
> +
> +- All syscalls except the cases mentioned in section 3 can accept any
> + valid tagged pointer.
> +
> +- The syscall behaviour is undefined for invalid tagged pointers: it may
> + result in an error code being returned, a (fatal) signal being raised,
> + or other modes of failure.
> +
> +- A valid tagged pointer has the same semantics as the corresponding
> + untagged pointer.
> +
> +A definition of the meaning of tagged pointers on AArch64 can be found
> +in Documentation/arm64/tagged-pointers.rst.
> +
> +3. AArch64 Tagged Address ABI Exceptions
> +-----------------------------------------
> +
> +The following system call parameters must be untagged regardless of the
> +ABI relaxation:
> +
> +- prctl() other than arguments pointing to user structures to be
> + accessed by the kernel.
> +
> +- ioctl() other than arguments pointing to user structures to be
> + accessed by the kernel.
> +
> +- shmat() and shmdt().
> +
> +Any attempt to use non-zero tagged pointers may result in an error code
> +being returned, a (fatal) signal being raised, or other modes of
> +failure.
> +
> +4. Example of correct usage
> +---------------------------
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + #include <stdlib.h>
> + #include <string.h>
> + #include <unistd.h>
> + #include <sys/mman.h>
> + #include <sys/prctl.h>
> +
> + #define PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL 55
> + #define PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE (1UL << 0)
> +
> + #define TAG_SHIFT 56
> +
> + int main(void)
> + {
> + int tbi_enabled = 0;
> + unsigned long tag = 0;
> + char *ptr;
> +
> + /* check/enable the tagged address ABI */
> + if (!prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE, 0, 0, 0))
> + tbi_enabled = 1;
> +
> + /* memory allocation */
> + ptr = mmap(NULL, sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
> + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
> + if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
> + return 1;
> +
> + /* set a non-zero tag if the ABI is available */
> + if (tbi_enabled)
> + tag = rand() & 0xff;
> + ptr = (char *)((unsigned long)ptr | (tag << TAG_SHIFT));
> +
> + /* memory access to a tagged address */
> + strcpy(ptr, "tagged pointer\n");
> +
> + /* syscall with a tagged pointer */
> + write(1, ptr, strlen(ptr));
> +
> + return 0;
> + }
