Provide a separate (second) version of the spin_lock_slowpath for
paravirt along with a special unlock path.
The second slowpath is generated by adding a few pv hooks to the
normal slowpath, but where those will compile away for the native
case, they expand into special wait/wake code for the pv version.
The actual MCS queue can use extra storage in the mcs_nodes[] array to
keep track of state and therefore uses directed wakeups.
The head contender has no such storage directly visible to the
unlocker. So the unlocker searches a hash table with open addressing
using a simple binary Galois linear feedback shift register.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@xxxxxx>
---
kernel/locking/qspinlock.c | 68 +++++++-
kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h | 324 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 391 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
index fc2e5ab..c009120 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
* Authors: Waiman Long <waiman.long@xxxxxx>
* Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
*/
+
+#ifndef _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH
+
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
@@ -65,13 +68,21 @@
#include "mcs_spinlock.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS
+#define MAX_NODES 8
+#else
+#define MAX_NODES 4
+#endif
+
/*
* Per-CPU queue node structures; we can never have more than 4 nested
* contexts: task, softirq, hardirq, nmi.
*
* Exactly fits one 64-byte cacheline on a 64-bit architecture.
+ *
+ * PV doubles the storage and uses the second cacheline for PV state.
*/
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct mcs_spinlock, mcs_nodes[4]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct mcs_spinlock, mcs_nodes[MAX_NODES]);
/*
* We must be able to distinguish between no-tail and the tail at 0:0,
@@ -220,6 +231,32 @@ static __always_inline void set_locked(struct qspinlock *lock)
WRITE_ONCE(l->locked, _Q_LOCKED_VAL);
}
+
+/*
+ * Generate the native code for queue_spin_unlock_slowpath(); provide NOPs for
+ * all the PV callbacks.
+ */
+
+static __always_inline void __pv_init_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node) { }
+static __always_inline void __pv_wait_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node) { }
+static __always_inline void __pv_kick_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node) { }
+
+static __always_inline void __pv_wait_head(struct qspinlock *lock,
+ struct mcs_spinlock *node) { }
+
+#define pv_enabled() false
+
+#define pv_init_node __pv_init_node
+#define pv_wait_node __pv_wait_node
+#define pv_kick_node __pv_kick_node
+#define pv_wait_head __pv_wait_head
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS
+#define queue_spin_lock_slowpath native_queue_spin_lock_slowpath
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH */
+
/**
* queue_spin_lock_slowpath - acquire the queue spinlock
* @lock: Pointer to queue spinlock structure
@@ -249,6 +286,9 @@ void queue_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val)
BUILD_BUG_ON(CONFIG_NR_CPUS >= (1U << _Q_TAIL_CPU_BITS));
+ if (pv_enabled())
+ goto queue;
+
if (virt_queue_spin_lock(lock))
return;
@@ -325,6 +365,7 @@ queue:
node += idx;
node->locked = 0;
node->next = NULL;
+ pv_init_node(node);
/*
* We touched a (possibly) cold cacheline in the per-cpu queue node;
@@ -350,6 +391,7 @@ queue:
prev = decode_tail(old);
WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node);
+ pv_wait_node(node);
arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(&node->locked);
}
@@ -365,6 +407,7 @@ queue:
* does not imply a full barrier.
*
*/
+ pv_wait_head(lock, node);
while ((val = smp_load_acquire(&lock->val.counter)) & _Q_LOCKED_PENDING_MASK)
cpu_relax();
@@ -397,6 +440,7 @@ queue:
cpu_relax();
arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended(&next->locked);
+ pv_kick_node(next);
release:
/*
@@ -405,3 +449,25 @@ release:
this_cpu_dec(mcs_nodes[0].count);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(queue_spin_lock_slowpath);
+
+/*
+ * Generate the paravirt code for queue_spin_unlock_slowpath().
+ */
+#if !defined(_GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH) && defined(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS)
+#define _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH
+
+#undef pv_enabled
+#define pv_enabled() true
+
+#undef pv_init_node
+#undef pv_wait_node
+#undef pv_kick_node
+#undef pv_wait_head
+
+#undef queue_spin_lock_slowpath
+#define queue_spin_lock_slowpath __pv_queue_spin_lock_slowpath
+
+#include "qspinlock_paravirt.h"
+#include "qspinlock.c"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..084e5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+#ifndef _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH
+#error "do not include this file"
+#endif
+
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/bootmem.h>
+
+/*
+ * Implement paravirt qspinlocks; the general idea is to halt the vcpus instead
+ * of spinning them.
+ *
+ * This relies on the architecture to provide two paravirt hypercalls:
+ *
+ * pv_wait(u8 *ptr, u8 val) -- suspends the vcpu if *ptr == val
+ * pv_kick(cpu) -- wakes a suspended vcpu
+ *
+ * Using these we implement __pv_queue_spin_lock_slowpath() and
+ * __pv_queue_spin_unlock() to replace native_queue_spin_lock_slowpath() and
+ * native_queue_spin_unlock().
+ */
+
+#define _Q_SLOW_VAL (3U << _Q_LOCKED_OFFSET)
+
+enum vcpu_state {
+ vcpu_running = 0,
+ vcpu_halted,
+};
+
+struct pv_node {
+ struct mcs_spinlock mcs;
+ struct mcs_spinlock __res[3];
+
+ int cpu;
+ u8 state;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Lock and MCS node addresses hash table for fast lookup
+ *
+ * Hashing is done on a per-cacheline basis to minimize the need to access
+ * more than one cacheline.
+ *
+ * Dynamically allocate a hash table big enough to hold at least 4X the
+ * number of possible cpus in the system. Allocation is done on page
+ * granularity. So the minimum number of hash buckets should be at least
+ * 256 (64-bit) or 512 (32-bit) to fully utilize a 4k page.
+ *
+ * Since we should not be holding locks from NMI context (very rare indeed) the
+ * max load factor is 0.75, which is around the point where open addressing
+ * breaks down.
+ *
+ */
+#define PV_HE_PER_LINE (SMP_CACHE_BYTES / sizeof(struct pv_hash_entry))
+#define PV_HB_MIN (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct pv_hash_bucket))
+
+struct pv_hash_entry {
+ struct qspinlock *lock;
+ struct pv_node *node;
+};
+
+struct pv_hash_bucket {
+ struct pv_hash_entry ent[PV_HE_PER_LINE];
+};
+
+static struct pv_hash_bucket *pv_lock_hash;
+static unsigned int pv_lock_hash_bits __read_mostly;
+
+/*
+ * Allocate memory for the PV qspinlock hash buckets
+ *
+ * This function should be called from the paravirt spinlock initialization
+ * routine.
+ */
+void __init __pv_init_lock_hash(void)
+{
+ int pv_hash_size = 4 * num_possible_cpus() / PV_HE_PER_LINE;
+
+ if (pv_hash_size < PV_HB_MIN)
+ pv_hash_size = PV_HB_MIN;
+ /*
+ * Allocate space from bootmem which should be page-size aligned
+ * and hence cacheline aligned.
+ */
+ pv_lock_hash = alloc_large_system_hash("PV qspinlock",
+ sizeof(struct pv_hash_bucket),
+ pv_hash_size, 0, HASH_EARLY,
+ &pv_lock_hash_bits, NULL,
+ pv_hash_size, pv_hash_size);
+}
+
+static inline struct qspinlock **
+pv_hash(struct qspinlock *lock, struct pv_node *node)
+{
+ unsigned long init_hash, hash = hash_ptr(lock, pv_lock_hash_bits);
+ struct pv_hash_entry *he, *end;
+
+ init_hash = hash;
+ for (;;) {
+ he = pv_lock_hash[hash].ent;
+ for (end = he + PV_HE_PER_LINE; he < end; he++) {
+ if (!cmpxchg(&he->lock, NULL, lock)) {
+ /*
+ * We haven't set the _Q_SLOW_VAL yet. So
+ * the order of writing doesn't matter.
+ */
+ WRITE_ONCE(he->node, node);
+ goto done;
+ }
+ }
+ if (++hash >= (1 << pv_lock_hash_bits))
+ hash = 0;
+ BUG_ON(hash == init_hash);
+ }
+
+done:
+ return &he->lock;
+}
+
+static inline struct pv_node *pv_hash_find(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ unsigned long init_hash, hash = hash_ptr(lock, pv_lock_hash_bits);
+ struct pv_hash_entry *he, *end;
+ struct pv_node *node = NULL;
+
+ init_hash = hash;
+ for (;;) {
+ he = pv_lock_hash[hash].ent;
+ for (end = he + PV_HE_PER_LINE; he < end; he++) {
+ struct qspinlock *l = READ_ONCE(he->lock);
+
+ if (l == lock) {
+ node = READ_ONCE(he->node);
+ goto done;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (++hash >= (1 << pv_lock_hash_bits))
+ hash = 0;
+ BUG_ON(hash == init_hash);
+ }
+done:
+ /*
+ * Clear the hash entry before returning the PV node address
+ */
+ WRITE_ONCE(he->lock, NULL);
+ return node;
+}
+
+/*
+ * PV version of the unlock function to be used in stead of
+ * queue_spin_unlock().
+ */
+__visible void __pv_queue_spin_unlock(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+ struct __qspinlock *l = (void *)lock;
+ struct pv_node *node;
+
+ if (likely(cmpxchg(&l->locked, _Q_LOCKED_VAL, 0) == _Q_LOCKED_VAL))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * The queue head has been halted. Need to locate it and wake it up.
+ */
+ node = pv_hash_find(lock);
+ smp_store_release(&l->locked, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * At this point the memory pointed at by lock can be freed/reused,
+ * however we can still use the PV node to kick the CPU.
+ */
+ if (READ_ONCE(node->state) == vcpu_halted)
+ pv_kick(node->cpu);
+}
+/*
+ * Include the architecture specific callee-save thunk of the
+ * __pv_queue_spin_unlock(). This thunk is put together with
+ * __pv_queue_spin_unlock() near the top of the file to make sure
+ * that the callee-save thunk and the real unlock function are close
+ * to each other sharing consecutive instruction cachelines.
+ */
+#include <asm/qspinlock_paravirt.h>
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the PV part of the mcs_spinlock node.
+ */
+static void pv_init_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node)
+{
+ struct pv_node *pn = (struct pv_node *)node;
+
+ BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct pv_node) > 5*sizeof(struct mcs_spinlock));
+
+ pn->cpu = smp_processor_id();
+ pn->state = vcpu_running;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for node->locked to become true, halt the vcpu after a short spin.
+ * pv_kick_node() is used to wake the vcpu again.
+ */
+static void pv_wait_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node)
+{
+ struct pv_node *pn = (struct pv_node *)node;
+ int loop;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ for (loop = SPIN_THRESHOLD; loop; loop--) {
+ if (READ_ONCE(node->locked))
+ return;
+ cpu_relax();
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Order pn->state vs pn->locked thusly:
+ *
+ * [S] pn->state = vcpu_halted [S] next->locked = 1
+ * MB MB
+ * [L] pn->locked [RmW] pn->state = vcpu_running
+ *
+ * Matches the xchg() from pv_kick_node().
+ */
+ (void)xchg(&pn->state, vcpu_halted);
+
+ if (!READ_ONCE(node->locked))
+ pv_wait(&pn->state, vcpu_halted);
+
+ /*
+ * Reset the vCPU state to avoid unncessary CPU kicking
+ */
+ WRITE_ONCE(pn->state, vcpu_running);
+
+ /*
+ * If the locked flag is still not set after wakeup, it is a
+ * spurious wakeup and the vCPU should wait again. However,
+ * there is a pretty high overhead for CPU halting and kicking.
+ * So it is better to spin for a while in the hope that the
+ * MCS lock will be released soon.
+ */
+ }
+ /*
+ * By now our node->locked should be 1 and our caller will not actually
+ * spin-wait for it. We do however rely on our caller to do a
+ * load-acquire for us.
+ */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called after setting next->locked = 1, used to wake those stuck in
+ * pv_wait_node().
+ */
+static void pv_kick_node(struct mcs_spinlock *node)
+{
+ struct pv_node *pn = (struct pv_node *)node;
+
+ /*
+ * Note that because node->locked is already set, this actual
+ * mcs_spinlock entry could be re-used already.
+ *
+ * This should be fine however, kicking people for no reason is
+ * harmless.
+ *
+ * See the comment in pv_wait_node().
+ */
+ if (xchg(&pn->state, vcpu_running) == vcpu_halted)
+ pv_kick(pn->cpu);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for l->locked to become clear; halt the vcpu after a short spin.
+ * __pv_queue_spin_unlock() will wake us.
+ */
+static void pv_wait_head(struct qspinlock *lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
+{
+ struct __qspinlock *l = (void *)lock;
+ struct qspinlock **lp;
+ struct pv_node *pn = (struct pv_node *)node;
+ int loop;
+
+ for (loop = SPIN_THRESHOLD; loop; loop--) {
+ if (!READ_ONCE(l->locked))
+ return;
+ cpu_relax();
+ }
+
+ WRITE_ONCE(pn->state, vcpu_halted);
+ lp = pv_hash(lock, pn);
+ /*
+ * lp must be set before setting _Q_SLOW_VAL
+ *
+ * [S] lp = lock [RmW] l = l->locked = 0
+ * MB MB
+ * [S] l->locked = _Q_SLOW_VAL [L] lp
+ *
+ * Matches the cmpxchg() in pv_queue_spin_unlock().
+ */
+ if (!cmpxchg(&l->locked, _Q_LOCKED_VAL, _Q_SLOW_VAL)) {
+ /*
+ * The lock is free and _Q_SLOW_VAL has never been
+ * set. Need to clear the hash bucket before getting
+ * the lock.
+ */
+ WRITE_ONCE(*lp, NULL);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * The unlocker should have freed the lock before kicking the CPU.
+ * So if the lock is still not free, it is a spurious wakeup and
+ * so the vCPU should wait again after spinning for a while.
+ */
+ for (;;) {
+ pv_wait(&l->locked, _Q_SLOW_VAL);
+ for (loop = SPIN_THRESHOLD; loop; loop--) {
+ if (!READ_ONCE(l->locked))
+ return;
+ cpu_relax();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Lock is unlocked now; the caller will acquire it without waiting.
+ * As with pv_wait_node() we rely on the caller to do a load-acquire
+ * for us.
+ */
+}
--
1.7.1
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