On Thu, 2014-02-06 at 11:27 -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 06, 2014 at 06:59:10PM +0000, Will Deacon wrote:
> > On Thu, Feb 06, 2014 at 06:55:01PM +0000, Ramana Radhakrishnan wrote:
> > > On 02/06/14 18:25, David Howells wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Is it worth considering a move towards using C11 atomics and barriers and
> > > > compiler intrinsics inside the kernel? The compiler _ought_ to be able to do
> > > > these.
> > >
> > >
> > > It sounds interesting to me, if we can make it work properly and
> > > reliably. + gcc@xxxxxxxxxxx for others in the GCC community to chip in.
> >
> > Given my (albeit limited) experience playing with the C11 spec and GCC, I
> > really think this is a bad idea for the kernel. It seems that nobody really
> > agrees on exactly how the C11 atomics map to real architectural
> > instructions on anything but the trivial architectures. For example, should
> > the following code fire the assert?
> >
> >
> > extern atomic<int> foo, bar, baz;
> >
> > void thread1(void)
> > {
> > foo.store(42, memory_order_relaxed);
> > bar.fetch_add(1, memory_order_seq_cst);
> > baz.store(42, memory_order_relaxed);
> > }
> >
> > void thread2(void)
> > {
> > while (baz.load(memory_order_seq_cst) != 42) {
> > /* do nothing */
> > }
> >
> > assert(foo.load(memory_order_seq_cst) == 42);
> > }
> >
> >
> > To answer that question, you need to go and look at the definitions of
> > synchronises-with, happens-before, dependency_ordered_before and a whole
> > pile of vaguely written waffle to realise that you don't know. Certainly,
> > the code that arm64 GCC currently spits out would allow the assertion to fire
> > on some microarchitectures.
>
> Yep! I believe that a memory_order_seq_cst fence in combination with the
> fetch_add() would do the trick on many architectures, however. All of
> this is one reason that any C11 definitions need to be individually
> overridable by individual architectures.
"Overridable" in which sense? Do you want to change the semantics on
the language level in the sense of altering the memory model, or rather
use a different implementation under the hood to, for example, fix
deficiencies in the compilers?
> > There are also so many ways to blow your head off it's untrue. For example,
> > cmpxchg takes a separate memory model parameter for failure and success, but
> > then there are restrictions on the sets you can use for each. It's not hard
> > to find well-known memory-ordering experts shouting "Just use
> > memory_model_seq_cst for everything, it's too hard otherwise". Then there's
> > the fun of load-consume vs load-acquire (arm64 GCC completely ignores consume
> > atm and optimises all of the data dependencies away) as well as the definition
> > of "data races", which seem to be used as an excuse to miscompile a program
> > at the earliest opportunity.
>
> Trust me, rcu_dereference() is not going to be defined in terms of
> memory_order_consume until the compilers implement it both correctly and
> efficiently. They are not there yet, and there is currently no shortage
> of compiler writers who would prefer to ignore memory_order_consume.
Do you have any input on
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59448? In particular, the
language standard's definition of dependencies?
> And rcu_dereference() will need per-arch overrides for some time during
> any transition to memory_order_consume.
>
> > Trying to introduce system concepts (writes to devices, interrupts,
> > non-coherent agents) into this mess is going to be an uphill battle IMHO. I'd
> > just rather stick to the semantics we have and the asm volatile barriers.
>
> And barrier() isn't going to go away any time soon, either. And
> ACCESS_ONCE() needs to keep volatile semantics until there is some
> memory_order_whatever that prevents loads and stores from being coalesced.
I'd be happy to discuss something like this in ISO C++ SG1 (or has this
been discussed in the past already?). But it needs to have a paper I
suppose.
Will you be in Issaquah for the C++ meeting next week?
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-arch" in
the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
