v4: first user namespace is initialized with &init_binfmt_ns, all new user namespaces are initialized with a NULL and use the one of the first parent that is not NULL. The pointer is initialized to a valid value the first time the binfmt_misc fs is mounted in the current user namespace. This allows to not change the way it was working before: new ns inherits values from its parent, and if parent values are modified (or parent creates its own binfmt entry by mounting the fs) child inherits it (unless it has itself mounted the fs). v3: create a structure to store binfmt_misc data, add a pointer to this structure in the user_namespace structure, in init_user_ns structure this pointer points to an init_binfmt_ns structure. And all new user namespaces point to this init structure. A new binfmt namespace structure is allocated if the binfmt_misc filesystem is mounted in a user namespace that is not the initial one but its binfmt namespace pointer points to the initial one. add override_creds()/revert_creds() around open_exec() in bm_register_write() v2: no new namespace, binfmt_misc data are now part of the mount namespace I put this in mount namespace instead of user namespace because the mount namespace is already needed and I don't want to force to have the user namespace for that. As this is a filesystem, it seems logic to have it here. This allows to define a new interpreter for each new container. But the main goal is to be able to chroot to a directory using a binfmt_misc interpreter without being root. I have a modified version of unshare at: git@xxxxxxxxxx:vivier/util-linux.git branch unshare-chroot with some new options to unshare binfmt_misc namespace and to chroot to a directory. If you have a directory /chroot/powerpc/jessie containing debian for powerpc binaries and a qemu-ppc interpreter, you can do for instance: $ uname -a Linux fedora28-wor-2 4.19.0-rc5+ #18 SMP Mon Oct 1 00:32:34 CEST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ ./unshare --map-root-user --fork --pid \ --load-interp ":qemu-ppc:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x14:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/qemu-ppc:OC" \ --root=/chroot/powerpc/jessie /bin/bash -l # uname -a Linux fedora28-wor-2 4.19.0-rc5+ #18 SMP Mon Oct 1 00:32:34 CEST 2018 ppc GNU/Linux # id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),65534(nogroup) # ls -l total 5940 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:58 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Jun 17 20:26 boot drwxr-xr-x. 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 dev drwxr-xr-x. 42 nobody nogroup 4096 Sep 28 07:25 etc drwxr-xr-x. 3 nobody nogroup 4096 Sep 28 07:25 home drwxr-xr-x. 9 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:58 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 media drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 3 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 13:09 opt dr-xr-xr-x. 143 nobody nogroup 0 Sep 30 23:02 proc -rwxr-xr-x. 1 nobody nogroup 6009712 Sep 28 07:22 qemu-ppc drwx------. 3 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 12:54 root drwxr-xr-x. 3 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 run drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:58 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 srv drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 6 2015 sys drwxrwxrwt. 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Sep 28 10:31 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 10 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 usr drwxr-xr-x. 11 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 12 00:08 var If you want to use the qemu binary provided by your distro, you can use --load-interp ":qemu-ppc:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x14:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/bin/qemu-ppc-static:OCF" With the 'F' flag, qemu-ppc-static will be then loaded from the main root filesystem before switching to the chroot. Laurent Vivier (1): ns: add binfmt_misc to the user namespace fs/binfmt_misc.c | 99 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---------- include/linux/user_namespace.h | 13 +++++ kernel/user.c | 13 +++++ kernel/user_namespace.c | 7 +++ 4 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) -- 2.17.1