... ciao: : on "6-12-2011" "Billy Crook" writ: : Computers are deterministic machines. Nothing happens 'all of : the sudden'. "all of a sudden, i am only able to login as root. this is not something i was trying to accomplish, and at a loss in figuring out how i did." perhaps, in context, 'all of a sudden' makes more sense. CLEARLY, my problem is the direct result of something i did. not to make too fine a point of it, it is possible to make a configuration change, and have the results of that change, show up much later. its appearance seems 'sudden' and the 'root' cause, may not be immediately obvious. i would even hazard the observation that a cron event, 'sudden'. : See if setting a user's shell to something else (csh, ksh, zsh, ash) : makes a difference. changed to 'csh' with same result. : And I hope to got you're using TLS on smtp. i am at a complete loss in understanding 'how' TLS relevant. : Which logs have you checked so far? syslog*, kernel*, messages*, wtmp*, btmp, secure* ... -- ... it's not what you see , but in stead , notice ... -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-admin" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html