From: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@xxxxxxxxxx> cc: Bart Samwel (bart@xxxxxxxxx) Move laptop-mode.txt into the laptops/ sub-directory to consolidate laptop doc files there. Update references to the file's location. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@xxxxxxxxxx> --- Documentation/00-INDEX | 2 Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt | 4 Documentation/laptop-mode.txt | 950 ------------------------ Documentation/laptops/00-INDEX | 2 Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt | 950 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 954 insertions(+), 954 deletions(-) --- linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6.orig/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,950 +0,0 @@ -How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode ------------------------------------------------ - -Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@xxxxxxxxx) -Date created: January 2, 2004 -Last modified: December 06, 2004 - -Introduction ------------- - -Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, -to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant -power savings. - -Contents --------- - -* Introduction -* Installation -* Caveats -* The Details -* Tips & Tricks -* Control script -* ACPI integration -* Monitoring tool - - -Installation ------------- - -To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options -or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and -laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For -your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: - -http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/ - -To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is -located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in -/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. - -Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for -laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop -mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to -stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now -has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) - - -Caveats -------- - -* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 - minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI - scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, - so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. - -* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown - cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). - Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you - don't need to. - -* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then - the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set - DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the - wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. - -* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then - the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. - You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. - -* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access - times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and - experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option - DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. - - -The Details ------------ - -Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is -present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any -configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might -have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The -result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up -anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written -immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode -knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush -is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to -0 disables laptop mode. - -To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode -control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in -/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are -dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also -changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages -is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for -ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), -this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which -occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by -a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. - -If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can -gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag -is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and -all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk -needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of -block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using -"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes -kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise -the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not -normally there. - - -Configuration -------------- - -The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on -Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It -contains the following options: - -MAX_AGE: - -Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are -comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this -amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. - -MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: - -Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of -battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. - -AC_HD/BATT_HD: - -The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode -is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are -20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The -possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the -"-S" option. - -HD: - -The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. -Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. - -READAHEAD: - -Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large -readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are -loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data -(MP3s). - -DO_REMOUNTS: - -The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems -with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this -feature is disabled. - -DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: - -When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? -Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require -access time recording. - -DIRTY_RATIO: - -The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data -before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to -the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. - -DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: - -The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data -after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set -this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio -sysctl. - -Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different -when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, -dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts -start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts -are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback -is done when dirty_ratio is reached. - -DO_CPU: - -Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. -See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) - -CPU_MAXFREQ: - -When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal -values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, -or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. - - -Tips & Tricks -------------- - -* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top - of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). - -* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead - to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at - once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek - Kania.) - -* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number - of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen - this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that - might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." - -* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the - file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't - spin down, this is a likely culprit. - -* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd - (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode - from doing its thing. - -* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB - memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though - that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse - may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling - filesystems on flash memory sticks.) - - -Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts -------------------------------------------------------- - -This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external -configuration file - -It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as -/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. - ---------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- -# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are -# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this -# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. -#MAX_AGE=600 - -# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery -# that you have left goes below this threshold. -MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 - -# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG -# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk -# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is -# playing. -#READAHEAD=4096 - -# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) -#DO_REMOUNTS=1 - -# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) -#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 - -# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process -# which -# calls write() does its own writeback -#DIRTY_RATIO=40 - -# -# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been -# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount -# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once -# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. -# -#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 - -# kernel default dirty buffer age -#DEF_AGE=30 -#DEF_UPDATE=5 -#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 -#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 -#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 -#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 -#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 - -# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel -# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in -# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still -# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for -# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't -# need to change this on 2.6. -#XFS_HZ=100 - -# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? -# Requires CPUFreq to be setup. -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info -#DO_CPU=0 - -# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should -# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your -# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: -# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies -# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. -#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest - -# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) -# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). -#AC_HD=244 -#BATT_HD=4 - -# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, -# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". -#HD="/dev/hda" - -# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? -#DO_HD=1 - ---------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- - - -Control script --------------- - -Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks -to Kiko Piris). - ---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- -#!/bin/bash - -# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when -# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop -# -# install as /sbin/laptop_mode -# -# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris -# Bart Samwel -# Micha Feigin -# Andrew Morton -# Herve Eychenne -# Dax Kelson -# -# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe - -############################################################################# - -# Source config -if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then - # Debian - . /etc/default/laptop-mode -elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then - # Others - . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode -fi - -# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete -# set defaults instead: - -# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are -# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this -# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. -MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} - -# Read-ahead, in kilobytes -READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} - -# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) -DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} - -# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) -DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} - -# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? -DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} - -# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? -HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" - -# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) -AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} -BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} - -# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which -# calls write() does its own writeback -DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} - -# cpu frequency scaling -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info -DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} -CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} - -# -# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been -# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount -# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once -# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. -# -DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} - -# kernel default dirty buffer age -DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} -DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} -DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} -DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} -DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} -DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} -DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} - -# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel -# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in -# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs -# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external -# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to -# change this on 2.6. -XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} - -############################################################################# - -KLEVEL="$(uname -r | - { - IFS='.' read a b c - echo $a.$b - } -)" -case "$KLEVEL" in - "2.4"|"2.6") - ;; - *) - echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 - exit 1 - ;; -esac - -if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then - echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 - exit 1 -fi - -if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then - echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 - exit 1 -fi - -# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from -# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). -parse_mount_opts () { - OPT="$1" - shift - echo ",$*," | sed \ - -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ - -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ - -e 's/^,//' \ - -e 's/,$//' -} - -# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from -# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). -parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { - OPT="$1" - shift - echo ",$*," | sed \ - -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ - -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ - -e 's/^,//' \ - -e 's/,$//' -} - -# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in -# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the -# value of the option in another mount options string. The device -# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default -# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. -# -# Example: -# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime -# -# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result -# will be "defaults,atime". -parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { - L_DEV="$1" - OPT="$2" - DEF_OPT="$3" - shift 3 - L_OPTS="$*" - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" - # Watch for a default atime in fstab - FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then - # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" - else - # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" - fi - else - # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" - fi -} - -# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in -# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the -# value of the option in another mount options string. The device -# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The -# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement -# must be done. -# -# Example: -# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 -# -# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the -# result will be "rw,commit=3". -parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { - L_DEV="$1" - OPT="$2" - shift 2 - L_OPTS="$*" - PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" - # Watch for a default commit in fstab - FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" - if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then - # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it - echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" - echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ - -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ - -e 's/,.*//' - else - # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 - echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" - fi -} - -deduce_fstype () { - MP="$1" - # My root filesystem unfortunately has - # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter - # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. - cat /etc/fstab | - grep -v '^#' | - while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do - if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then - echo $FSTAB_FST - exit 0 - fi - done -} - -if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then - NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" -fi - -case "$1" in - start) - AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) - XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) - echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" - - if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then - # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) - # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when - # laptop mode is enabled. - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then - # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) - # The same goes for these. - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then - # (2.6.6) - # But not for these -- they are also used in normal - # operation. - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer - echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then - # (2.6.7 upwards) - # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, - # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. - echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs - echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs - echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs - fi - - case "$KLEVEL" in - "2.4") - echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode - echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush - ;; - "2.6") - echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode - echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs - echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs - echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio - echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio - ;; - esac - if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then - cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" - if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then - FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) - fi - case "$FST" in - "ext3"|"reiserfs") - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT - ;; - "xfs") - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT - ;; - esac - if [ -b $DEV ] ; then - blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV - fi - done - fi - if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then - for THISHD in $HD ; do - /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 - /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 - done - fi - if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then - if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then - CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` - fi - echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq - fi - echo "." - ;; - stop) - U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) - B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) - echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" - echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode - if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then - # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. - echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer - echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval - elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then - # These need to be restored as well. - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs - echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs - fi - case "$KLEVEL" in - "2.4") - echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush - ;; - "2.6") - echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs - echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs - echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio - echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio - ;; - esac - if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then - cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do - # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. - if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then - FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) - fi - case "$FST" in - "ext3"|"reiserfs") - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS - ;; - "xfs") - PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" - mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS - ;; - esac - if [ -b $DEV ] ; then - blockdev --setra 256 $DEV - fi - done - fi - if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then - for THISHD in $HD ; do - /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 - /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 - done - fi - if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then - echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq - fi - echo "." - ;; - *) - echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 - exit 1 - ;; - -esac - -exit 0 ---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ - - -ACPI integration ----------------- - -Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will -kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that -automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was -written by Jan Topinski. - ------------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ -event=ac_adapter -action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- - - ------------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- -event=battery.* -action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ - - -----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- -#!/bin/bash - -# ac on/offline event handler - -status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` - -case $status in - "on-line") - /sbin/laptop_mode stop - exit 0 - ;; - "off-line") - /sbin/laptop_mode start - exit 0 - ;; -esac ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- - - ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- -#! /bin/bash - -# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. - -BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state - -if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] -then - LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` - if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] - then - if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] - then - # Source the config file only now that we know we need - if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then - # Debian - . /etc/default/laptop-mode - elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then - # Others - . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode - fi - MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} - - ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" - if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] - then - PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` - REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` - fi - if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) - then - /sbin/laptop_mode stop - fi - else - logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." - fi - fi -fi ----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- - - -Monitoring tool ---------------- - -Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk -spends spun up/down. - ----------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- -/* - * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor - * by Bartek Kania - * Licenced under the GPL - */ -#include <unistd.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <stdio.h> -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <errno.h> -#include <time.h> -#include <string.h> -#include <signal.h> -#include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <linux/hdreg.h> - -#ifdef DEBUG -#define D(x) x -#else -#define D(x) -#endif - -int endit = 0; - -/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode - * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. - * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ -int check_powermode(int fd) -{ - unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; - int state; - - if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) - && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ - && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { - if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { - state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ - } else - state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ - } else { - state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; - } - D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); - - return state; -} - -char *state_name(int i) -{ - if (i == -1) return "unknown"; - if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; - if (i == 1) return "active"; - - return "internal error"; -} - -char *myctime(time_t time) -{ - char *ts = ctime(&time); - ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; - - return ts; -} - -void measure(int fd) -{ - time_t start_time; - int last_state; - time_t last_time; - int curr_state; - time_t curr_time = 0; - time_t time_diff; - time_t active_time = 0; - time_t sleep_time = 0; - time_t unknown_time = 0; - time_t total_time = 0; - int changes = 0; - float tmp; - - printf("Starting measurements\n"); - - last_state = check_powermode(fd); - start_time = last_time = time(0); - printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); - - while(!endit) { - sleep(1); - curr_state = check_powermode(fd); - - if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { - changes++; - curr_time = time(0); - time_diff = curr_time - last_time; - - if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; - else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; - else unknown_time += time_diff; - - last_state = curr_state; - last_time = curr_time; - - printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), - state_name(curr_state)); - } - } - changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ - - total_time = time(0) - start_time; - printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); - printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); - - tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; - printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); - tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; - printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); - tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; - printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); -} - -void ender(int s) -{ - endit = 1; -} - -void usage() -{ - puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); - exit(0); -} - -int main(int argc, char **argv) -{ - int fd; - char *disk = 0; - int settle_time = 60; - - /* Parse the simple command-line */ - if (argc == 2) - disk = argv[1]; - else if (argc == 4) { - settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); - disk = argv[3]; - } else - usage(); - - if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { - printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); - exit(-1); - } - - if (settle_time) { - printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " - "'normal'\n", settle_time); - sleep(settle_time); - } else - puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); - - signal(SIGINT, ender); - - measure(fd); - - close(fd); - - return 0; -} ----------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- --- /dev/null +++ linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt @@ -0,0 +1,950 @@ +How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode +----------------------------------------------- + +Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@xxxxxxxxx) +Date created: January 2, 2004 +Last modified: December 06, 2004 + +Introduction +------------ + +Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, +to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant +power savings. + +Contents +-------- + +* Introduction +* Installation +* Caveats +* The Details +* Tips & Tricks +* Control script +* ACPI integration +* Monitoring tool + + +Installation +------------ + +To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options +or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and +laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For +your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: + +http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/ + +To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is +located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in +/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. + +Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for +laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop +mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to +stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now +has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) + + +Caveats +------- + +* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 + minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI + scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, + so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. + +* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown + cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). + Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you + don't need to. + +* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then + the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set + DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the + wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. + +* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then + the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. + You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. + +* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access + times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and + experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option + DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. + + +The Details +----------- + +Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is +present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any +configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might +have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The +result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up +anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written +immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode +knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush +is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to +0 disables laptop mode. + +To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode +control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in +/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are +dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also +changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages +is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for +ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), +this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which +occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by +a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. + +If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can +gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag +is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and +all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk +needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of +block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using +"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes +kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise +the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not +normally there. + + +Configuration +------------- + +The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on +Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It +contains the following options: + +MAX_AGE: + +Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are +comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this +amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. + +MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: + +Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of +battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. + +AC_HD/BATT_HD: + +The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode +is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are +20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The +possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the +"-S" option. + +HD: + +The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. +Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. + +READAHEAD: + +Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large +readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are +loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data +(MP3s). + +DO_REMOUNTS: + +The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems +with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this +feature is disabled. + +DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: + +When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? +Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require +access time recording. + +DIRTY_RATIO: + +The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data +before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to +the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. + +DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: + +The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data +after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set +this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio +sysctl. + +Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different +when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, +dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts +start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts +are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback +is done when dirty_ratio is reached. + +DO_CPU: + +Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. +See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) + +CPU_MAXFREQ: + +When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal +values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, +or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. + + +Tips & Tricks +------------- + +* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top + of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). + +* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead + to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at + once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek + Kania.) + +* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number + of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen + this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that + might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." + +* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the + file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't + spin down, this is a likely culprit. + +* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd + (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode + from doing its thing. + +* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB + memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though + that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse + may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling + filesystems on flash memory sticks.) + + +Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts +------------------------------------------------------- + +This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external +configuration file + +It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as +/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. + +--------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- +# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are +# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this +# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. +#MAX_AGE=600 + +# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery +# that you have left goes below this threshold. +MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 + +# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG +# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk +# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is +# playing. +#READAHEAD=4096 + +# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) +#DO_REMOUNTS=1 + +# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) +#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 + +# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process +# which +# calls write() does its own writeback +#DIRTY_RATIO=40 + +# +# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been +# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount +# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once +# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. +# +#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 + +# kernel default dirty buffer age +#DEF_AGE=30 +#DEF_UPDATE=5 +#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 +#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 +#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 +#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 +#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 + +# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel +# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in +# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still +# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for +# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't +# need to change this on 2.6. +#XFS_HZ=100 + +# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? +# Requires CPUFreq to be setup. +# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info +#DO_CPU=0 + +# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should +# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your +# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: +# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies +# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. +#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest + +# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) +# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). +#AC_HD=244 +#BATT_HD=4 + +# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, +# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". +#HD="/dev/hda" + +# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? +#DO_HD=1 + +--------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- + + +Control script +-------------- + +Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks +to Kiko Piris). + +--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- +#!/bin/bash + +# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when +# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop +# +# install as /sbin/laptop_mode +# +# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris +# Bart Samwel +# Micha Feigin +# Andrew Morton +# Herve Eychenne +# Dax Kelson +# +# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe + +############################################################################# + +# Source config +if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then + # Debian + . /etc/default/laptop-mode +elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then + # Others + . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode +fi + +# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete +# set defaults instead: + +# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are +# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this +# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. +MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} + +# Read-ahead, in kilobytes +READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} + +# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) +DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} + +# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) +DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} + +# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? +DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} + +# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? +HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" + +# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) +AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} +BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} + +# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which +# calls write() does its own writeback +DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} + +# cpu frequency scaling +# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info +DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} +CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} + +# +# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been +# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount +# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once +# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. +# +DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} + +# kernel default dirty buffer age +DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} +DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} +DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} +DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} +DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} +DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} +DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} + +# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel +# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in +# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs +# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external +# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to +# change this on 2.6. +XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} + +############################################################################# + +KLEVEL="$(uname -r | + { + IFS='.' read a b c + echo $a.$b + } +)" +case "$KLEVEL" in + "2.4"|"2.6") + ;; + *) + echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 + exit 1 + ;; +esac + +if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then + echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 + exit 1 +fi + +if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then + echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from +# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). +parse_mount_opts () { + OPT="$1" + shift + echo ",$*," | sed \ + -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ + -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ + -e 's/^,//' \ + -e 's/,$//' +} + +# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from +# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). +parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { + OPT="$1" + shift + echo ",$*," | sed \ + -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ + -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ + -e 's/^,//' \ + -e 's/,$//' +} + +# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in +# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the +# value of the option in another mount options string. The device +# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default +# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. +# +# Example: +# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime +# +# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result +# will be "defaults,atime". +parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { + L_DEV="$1" + OPT="$2" + DEF_OPT="$3" + shift 3 + L_OPTS="$*" + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" + # Watch for a default atime in fstab + FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then + # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" + else + # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" + fi + else + # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" + fi +} + +# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in +# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the +# value of the option in another mount options string. The device +# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The +# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement +# must be done. +# +# Example: +# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 +# +# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the +# result will be "rw,commit=3". +parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { + L_DEV="$1" + OPT="$2" + shift 2 + L_OPTS="$*" + PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" + # Watch for a default commit in fstab + FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" + if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then + # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it + echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" + echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ + -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ + -e 's/,.*//' + else + # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 + echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" + fi +} + +deduce_fstype () { + MP="$1" + # My root filesystem unfortunately has + # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter + # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. + cat /etc/fstab | + grep -v '^#' | + while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do + if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then + echo $FSTAB_FST + exit 0 + fi + done +} + +if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then + NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" +fi + +case "$1" in + start) + AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) + XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) + echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" + + if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then + # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) + # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when + # laptop mode is enabled. + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then + # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) + # The same goes for these. + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then + # (2.6.6) + # But not for these -- they are also used in normal + # operation. + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer + echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then + # (2.6.7 upwards) + # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, + # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. + echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs + echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs + echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs + fi + + case "$KLEVEL" in + "2.4") + echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode + echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush + ;; + "2.6") + echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode + echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs + echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs + echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio + echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio + ;; + esac + if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then + cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" + if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then + FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) + fi + case "$FST" in + "ext3"|"reiserfs") + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT + ;; + "xfs") + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT + ;; + esac + if [ -b $DEV ] ; then + blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV + fi + done + fi + if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then + for THISHD in $HD ; do + /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 + /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 + done + fi + if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then + if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then + CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` + fi + echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq + fi + echo "." + ;; + stop) + U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) + B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) + echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" + echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode + if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then + # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. + echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer + echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval + elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then + # These need to be restored as well. + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs + echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs + fi + case "$KLEVEL" in + "2.4") + echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush + ;; + "2.6") + echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs + echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs + echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio + echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio + ;; + esac + if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then + cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do + # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. + if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then + FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) + fi + case "$FST" in + "ext3"|"reiserfs") + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS + ;; + "xfs") + PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" + mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS + ;; + esac + if [ -b $DEV ] ; then + blockdev --setra 256 $DEV + fi + done + fi + if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then + for THISHD in $HD ; do + /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 + /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 + done + fi + if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then + echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq + fi + echo "." + ;; + *) + echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 + exit 1 + ;; + +esac + +exit 0 +--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ + + +ACPI integration +---------------- + +Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will +kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that +automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was +written by Jan Topinski. + +-----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ +event=ac_adapter +action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e +----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- + + +-----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- +event=battery.* +action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e +----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ + + +----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- +#!/bin/bash + +# ac on/offline event handler + +status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` + +case $status in + "on-line") + /sbin/laptop_mode stop + exit 0 + ;; + "off-line") + /sbin/laptop_mode start + exit 0 + ;; +esac +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- + + +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- +#! /bin/bash + +# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. + +BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state + +if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] +then + LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` + if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] + then + if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] + then + # Source the config file only now that we know we need + if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then + # Debian + . /etc/default/laptop-mode + elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then + # Others + . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode + fi + MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} + + ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" + if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] + then + PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` + REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` + fi + if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) + then + /sbin/laptop_mode stop + fi + else + logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." + fi + fi +fi +---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- + + +Monitoring tool +--------------- + +Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk +spends spun up/down. + +---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- +/* + * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor + * by Bartek Kania + * Licenced under the GPL + */ +#include <unistd.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <time.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <sys/ioctl.h> +#include <linux/hdreg.h> + +#ifdef DEBUG +#define D(x) x +#else +#define D(x) +#endif + +int endit = 0; + +/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode + * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. + * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ +int check_powermode(int fd) +{ + unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; + int state; + + if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) + && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ + && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { + if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { + state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ + } else + state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ + } else { + state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; + } + D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); + + return state; +} + +char *state_name(int i) +{ + if (i == -1) return "unknown"; + if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; + if (i == 1) return "active"; + + return "internal error"; +} + +char *myctime(time_t time) +{ + char *ts = ctime(&time); + ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; + + return ts; +} + +void measure(int fd) +{ + time_t start_time; + int last_state; + time_t last_time; + int curr_state; + time_t curr_time = 0; + time_t time_diff; + time_t active_time = 0; + time_t sleep_time = 0; + time_t unknown_time = 0; + time_t total_time = 0; + int changes = 0; + float tmp; + + printf("Starting measurements\n"); + + last_state = check_powermode(fd); + start_time = last_time = time(0); + printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); + + while(!endit) { + sleep(1); + curr_state = check_powermode(fd); + + if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { + changes++; + curr_time = time(0); + time_diff = curr_time - last_time; + + if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; + else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; + else unknown_time += time_diff; + + last_state = curr_state; + last_time = curr_time; + + printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), + state_name(curr_state)); + } + } + changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ + + total_time = time(0) - start_time; + printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); + printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); + + tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; + printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); + tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; + printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); + tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; + printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); +} + +void ender(int s) +{ + endit = 1; +} + +void usage() +{ + puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); + exit(0); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + int fd; + char *disk = 0; + int settle_time = 60; + + /* Parse the simple command-line */ + if (argc == 2) + disk = argv[1]; + else if (argc == 4) { + settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); + disk = argv[3]; + } else + usage(); + + if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { + printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); + exit(-1); + } + + if (settle_time) { + printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " + "'normal'\n", settle_time); + sleep(settle_time); + } else + puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); + + signal(SIGINT, ender); + + measure(fd); + + close(fd); + + return 0; +} +---------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- --- linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6.orig/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -227,8 +227,6 @@ kprobes.txt - documents the kernel probes debugging feature. kref.txt - docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects. -laptop-mode.txt - - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode. laptops/ - directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation. ldm.txt --- linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6.orig/Documentation/laptops/00-INDEX +++ linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6/Documentation/laptops/00-INDEX @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ - This file acer-wmi.txt - information on the Acer Laptop WMI Extras driver. +laptop-mode.txt + - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode. sony-laptop.txt - Sony Notebook Control Driver (SNC) Readme. sonypi.txt --- linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6.orig/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ linux-2.6.25-rc3-git6/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -1506,13 +1506,13 @@ laptop_mode ----------- laptop_mode is a knob that controls "laptop mode". All the things that are -controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt. +controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. block_dump ---------- block_dump enables block I/O debugging when set to a nonzero value. More -information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt. +information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. swap_token_timeout ------------------ -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-acpi" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
