Processors based on the Zen microarchitecture support IOPORT based deeper
C-states. The ACPI idle driver reads the
acpi_gbl_FADT.xpm_timer_block.address in the IOPORT based C-state exit
path which is claimed to be a "Dummy wait op" and has been around since
ACPI's introduction to Linux dating back to Andy Grover's Mar 14, 2002
posting [1].
Old, circa 2002 chipsets have a bug which was elaborated by Andreas Mohr
back in 2006 in commit b488f02156d3d ("ACPI: restore comment justifying
'extra' P_LVLx access") where the commit log claims:
"this dummy read was about: STPCLK# doesn't get asserted in time on
(some) chipsets, which is why we need to have a dummy I/O read to delay
further instruction processing until the CPU is fully stopped."
This workaround is very painful on modern systems with a large number of
cores. The "inl()" can take thousands of cycles. Sampling certain
workloads with IBS on AMD Zen3 system shows that a significant amount of
time is spent in the dummy op, which incorrectly gets accounted as
C-State residency. A large C-State residency value can prime the cpuidle
governor to recommend a deeper C-State during the subsequent idle
instances, starting a vicious cycle, leading to performance degradation
on workloads that rapidly switch between busy and idle phases.
(For the extent of the performance degradation refer link [2])
The dummy wait is unnecessary on processors based on the Zen
microarchitecture (AMD family 17h+ and HYGON). Skip it to prevent
polluting the C-state residency information. Among the pre-family 17h
AMD processors, there has been at least one report of an AMD Athlon on a
VIA chipset (circa 2006) where this this problem was seen (see [3] for
report by Andreas Mohr).
Modern Intel processors use MWAIT based C-States in the intel_idle driver
and are not impacted by this code path. For older Intel processors that
use the acpi_idle driver, a workaround was suggested by Dave Hansen and
Rafael J. Wysocki to regard all Intel chipsets using the IOPORT based
C-state management as being affected by this problem (see [4] for
workaround proposed).
For these reasons, mark all the Intel processors and pre-family 17h
AMD processors with x86_BUG_STPCLK. In the acpi_idle driver, restrict the
dummy wait during IOPORT based C-state transitions to only these
processors.
Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mpe/linux-fullhistory.git/commit/?id=972c16130d9dc182cedcdd408408d9eacc7d6a2d [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220921063638.2489-1-kprateek.nayak@xxxxxxx/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Yyy6l94G0O2B7Yh1@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/ [3]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/88c17568-8694-940a-0f1f-9d345e8dcbdb@xxxxxxxxx/ [4]
Suggested-by: Calvin Ong <calvin.ong@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@xxxxxxxxx>
CC: Pu Wen <puwen@xxxxxxxx>
Cc: stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@xxxxxxx>
---
v1->v2:
o Introduce X86_BUG_STPCLK to mark chipsets as being affected by the
STPCLK# signal assertion issue.
o Mark all Intel chipsets and pre fam-17h AMD chipsets as being affected
by the X86_BUG_STPCLK.
o Skip dummy xpm_timer_block read in IOPORT based C-state exit path in
ACPI processor_idle if chipset is not affected by X86_BUG_STPCLK.
---
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 1 +
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c | 12 ++++++++++++
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c | 12 ++++++++++++
drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c | 8 ++++++++
4 files changed, 33 insertions(+)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index ef4775c6db01..fcd3617ed315 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -460,5 +460,6 @@
#define X86_BUG_MMIO_UNKNOWN X86_BUG(26) /* CPU is too old and its MMIO Stale Data status is unknown */
#define X86_BUG_RETBLEED X86_BUG(27) /* CPU is affected by RETBleed */
#define X86_BUG_EIBRS_PBRSB X86_BUG(28) /* EIBRS is vulnerable to Post Barrier RSB Predictions */
+#define X86_BUG_STPCLK X86_BUG(29) /* STPCLK# signal does not get asserted in time during IOPORT based C-state entry */
#endif /* _ASM_X86_CPUFEATURES_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
index 48276c0e479d..8cb5887a53a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
@@ -988,6 +988,18 @@ static void init_amd(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_XENPV))
set_cpu_bug(c, X86_BUG_SYSRET_SS_ATTRS);
+ /*
+ * CPUs based on the Zen microarchitecture (Fam 17h onward) can
+ * guarantee that STPCLK# signal is asserted in time after the
+ * P_LVL2 read to freeze execution after an IOPORT based C-state
+ * entry. Among the older AMD processors, there has been at least
+ * one report of an AMD Athlon processor on a VIA chipset
+ * (circa 2006) having this issue. Mark all these older AMD
+ * processor families as being affected.
+ */
+ if (c->x86 < 0x17)
+ set_cpu_bug(c, X86_BUG_STPCLK);
+
/*
* Turn on the Instructions Retired free counter on machines not
* susceptible to erratum #1054 "Instructions Retired Performance
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
index 2d7ea5480ec3..96fe1320c238 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
@@ -696,6 +696,18 @@ static void init_intel(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
((c->x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT)))
set_cpu_bug(c, X86_BUG_MONITOR);
+ /*
+ * Intel chipsets prior to Nehalem used the ACPI processor_idle
+ * driver for C-state management. Some of these processors that
+ * used IOPORT based C-states could not guarantee that STPCLK#
+ * signal gets asserted in time after P_LVL2 read to freeze
+ * execution properly. Since a clear cut-off point is not known
+ * as to when this bug was solved, mark all the chipsets as
+ * being affected. Only the ones that use IOPORT based C-state
+ * transitions via the acpi_idle driver will be impacted.
+ */
+ set_cpu_bug(c, X86_BUG_STPCLK);
+
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
if (c->x86 == 15)
c->x86_cache_alignment = c->x86_clflush_size * 2;
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c b/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c
index 16a1663d02d4..493f9ccdb72d 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c
@@ -528,6 +528,14 @@ static int acpi_idle_bm_check(void)
static void wait_for_freeze(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
+ /*
+ * A dummy wait operation is only required for those chipsets
+ * that cannot assert STPCLK# signal in time after P_LVL2 read.
+ * If a chipset is not affected by this problem, skip it.
+ */
+ if (!static_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_STPCLK))
+ return;
+
/* No delay is needed if we are in guest */
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR))
return;
--
2.25.1
