But it also seems to me that VFIO should be able to support putting the device into the RUN state without involving KVM or cVMs. > Intel TDX connect implementation also needs a reference to the kvm > pointer to obtain the secure EPT information. This is crucial because > the CPU's page table must be shared with the iommu. I thought kvm folks were NAKing this sharing entirely? Or is the secure EPT in the secure world and not directly managed by Linux? AFAIK AMD is going to mirror the iommu page table like today. ARM, I suspect, will not have an "EPT" under Linux control, so whatever happens will be hidden in their secure world. Jason