On Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 06:34:49PM -0800, Vipin Sharma wrote: > mmu_shrink_scan() is very disruptive to VMs. It picks the first > VM in the vm_list, zaps the oldest page which is most likely an upper > level SPTEs and most like to be reused. Prior to TDP MMU, this is even > more disruptive in nested VMs case, considering L1 SPTEs will be the > oldest even though most of the entries are for L2 SPTEs. > > As discussed in > https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Y45dldZnI6OIf+a5@xxxxxxxxxx/ > shrinker logic has not be very useful in actually keeping VMs performant > and reducing memory usage. > > Change mmu_shrink_scan() to free pages from the vCPU's shadow page > cache. Freeing pages from cache doesn't cause vCPU exits, therefore, a > VM's performance should not be affected. Can you split this commit up? e.g. First drop the old shrinking logic in one commit (but leave the shrinking infrastructure in place). Then a commit to make the shrinker free the per-vCPU shadow page caches. And then perhaps another to make the shrinker free the per-VM shadow page cache used for eager splitting. > > This also allows to change cache capacities without worrying too much > about high memory usage in cache. > > Tested this change by running dirty_log_perf_test while dropping cache > via "echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" at 1 second interval > continuously. There were WARN_ON(!mc->nobjs) messages printed in kernel > logs from kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(), which is expected. > > Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@xxxxxxxxxx> > Signed-off-by: Vipin Sharma <vipinsh@xxxxxxxxxx> > --- > arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 5 + > arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c | 163 +++++++++++++++++++------------- > arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h | 2 + > arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c | 3 +- > include/linux/kvm_host.h | 1 + > virt/kvm/kvm_main.c | 11 ++- > 6 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h > index aa4eb8cfcd7e..89cc809e4a00 100644 > --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h > +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h > @@ -786,6 +786,11 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_arch { > struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache mmu_shadowed_info_cache; > struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache mmu_page_header_cache; > > + /* > + * Protects change in size of mmu_shadow_page_cache cache. > + */ > + spinlock_t mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock; > + > /* > * QEMU userspace and the guest each have their own FPU state. > * In vcpu_run, we switch between the user and guest FPU contexts. > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c > index 254bc46234e0..157417e1cb6e 100644 > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c > @@ -164,7 +164,10 @@ struct kvm_shadow_walk_iterator { > > static struct kmem_cache *pte_list_desc_cache; > struct kmem_cache *mmu_page_header_cache; > -static struct percpu_counter kvm_total_used_mmu_pages; > +/* > + * Total number of unused pages in MMU shadow page cache. > + */ > +static struct percpu_counter kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages; > > static void mmu_spte_set(u64 *sptep, u64 spte); > > @@ -655,6 +658,22 @@ static void walk_shadow_page_lockless_end(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > } > } > > +static int mmu_topup_sp_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *cache, > + spinlock_t *cache_lock) > +{ > + int orig_nobjs; > + int r; > + > + spin_lock(cache_lock); > + orig_nobjs = cache->nobjs; > + r = kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(cache, PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL); > + if (orig_nobjs != cache->nobjs) > + percpu_counter_add(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages, > + (cache->nobjs - orig_nobjs)); > + spin_unlock(cache_lock); > + return r; > +} > + > static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool maybe_indirect) > { > int r; > @@ -664,8 +683,8 @@ static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool maybe_indirect) > 1 + PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL + PTE_PREFETCH_NUM); > if (r) > return r; > - r = kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache, > - PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL); > + r = mmu_topup_sp_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache, > + &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock); > if (r) > return r; > if (maybe_indirect) { > @@ -678,10 +697,25 @@ static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool maybe_indirect) > PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL); > } > > +static void mmu_free_sp_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *cache, > + spinlock_t *cache_lock) > +{ > + int orig_nobjs; > + > + spin_lock(cache_lock); > + orig_nobjs = cache->nobjs; > + kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(cache); > + if (orig_nobjs) > + percpu_counter_sub(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages, orig_nobjs); > + > + spin_unlock(cache_lock); > +} It would be nice to avoid adding these wrapper functions. Once you add a mutex to protect the caches from being freed while vCPUs are in the middle of a page fault you can drop the spin lock. After that the only reason to have these wrappers is to update kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages. Do we really need kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages? Why not just dynamically calculate the number of of unused pages in mmu_shrink_count()? Or just estimate the count, e.g. num_vcpus * KVM_ARCH_NR_OBJS_PER_MEMORY_CACHE? Or have per-VM or per-vCPU shrinkers to avoid needing to do any aggregation? > + > static void mmu_free_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > { > kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_pte_list_desc_cache); > - kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache); > + mmu_free_sp_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache, > + &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock); > kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadowed_info_cache); mmu_shadowed_info_cache can be freed by the shrinker as well. > kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache); > } > @@ -1693,27 +1727,15 @@ static int is_empty_shadow_page(u64 *spt) > } > #endif > > -/* > - * This value is the sum of all of the kvm instances's > - * kvm->arch.n_used_mmu_pages values. We need a global, > - * aggregate version in order to make the slab shrinker > - * faster > - */ > -static inline void kvm_mod_used_mmu_pages(struct kvm *kvm, long nr) > -{ > - kvm->arch.n_used_mmu_pages += nr; > - percpu_counter_add(&kvm_total_used_mmu_pages, nr); > -} > - > static void kvm_account_mmu_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp) > { > - kvm_mod_used_mmu_pages(kvm, +1); > + kvm->arch.n_used_mmu_pages++; > kvm_account_pgtable_pages((void *)sp->spt, +1); > } > > static void kvm_unaccount_mmu_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp) > { > - kvm_mod_used_mmu_pages(kvm, -1); > + kvm->arch.n_used_mmu_pages--; > kvm_account_pgtable_pages((void *)sp->spt, -1); > } > > @@ -2150,8 +2172,31 @@ struct shadow_page_caches { > struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *page_header_cache; > struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *shadow_page_cache; > struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *shadowed_info_cache; > + /* > + * Protects change in size of shadow_page_cache cache. > + */ > + spinlock_t *shadow_page_cache_lock; > }; > > +void *kvm_mmu_sp_memory_cache_alloc(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *shadow_page_cache, > + spinlock_t *cache_lock) > +{ > + int orig_nobjs; > + void *page; > + > + if (!cache_lock) { > + spin_lock(cache_lock); > + orig_nobjs = shadow_page_cache->nobjs; > + } > + page = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(shadow_page_cache); > + if (!cache_lock) { > + if (orig_nobjs) > + percpu_counter_dec(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages); > + spin_unlock(cache_lock); > + } > + return page; > +} > + > static struct kvm_mmu_page *kvm_mmu_alloc_shadow_page(struct kvm *kvm, > struct shadow_page_caches *caches, > gfn_t gfn, > @@ -2161,7 +2206,8 @@ static struct kvm_mmu_page *kvm_mmu_alloc_shadow_page(struct kvm *kvm, > struct kvm_mmu_page *sp; > > sp = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(caches->page_header_cache); > - sp->spt = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(caches->shadow_page_cache); > + sp->spt = kvm_mmu_sp_memory_cache_alloc(caches->shadow_page_cache, > + caches->shadow_page_cache_lock); > if (!role.direct) > sp->shadowed_translation = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(caches->shadowed_info_cache); > > @@ -2218,6 +2264,7 @@ static struct kvm_mmu_page *kvm_mmu_get_shadow_page(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, > .page_header_cache = &vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache, > .shadow_page_cache = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache, > .shadowed_info_cache = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadowed_info_cache, > + .shadow_page_cache_lock = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock > }; > > return __kvm_mmu_get_shadow_page(vcpu->kvm, vcpu, &caches, gfn, role); > @@ -5916,6 +5963,7 @@ int kvm_mmu_create(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache.gfp_zero = __GFP_ZERO; > > vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache.gfp_zero = __GFP_ZERO; > + spin_lock_init(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock); > > vcpu->arch.mmu = &vcpu->arch.root_mmu; > vcpu->arch.walk_mmu = &vcpu->arch.root_mmu; > @@ -6051,11 +6099,6 @@ static void kvm_mmu_zap_all_fast(struct kvm *kvm) > kvm_tdp_mmu_zap_invalidated_roots(kvm); > } > > -static bool kvm_has_zapped_obsolete_pages(struct kvm *kvm) > -{ > - return unlikely(!list_empty_careful(&kvm->arch.zapped_obsolete_pages)); > -} > - > static void kvm_mmu_invalidate_zap_pages_in_memslot(struct kvm *kvm, > struct kvm_memory_slot *slot, > struct kvm_page_track_notifier_node *node) > @@ -6277,6 +6320,7 @@ static struct kvm_mmu_page *shadow_mmu_get_sp_for_split(struct kvm *kvm, u64 *hu > /* Direct SPs do not require a shadowed_info_cache. */ > caches.page_header_cache = &kvm->arch.split_page_header_cache; > caches.shadow_page_cache = &kvm->arch.split_shadow_page_cache; > + caches.shadow_page_cache_lock = NULL; > > /* Safe to pass NULL for vCPU since requesting a direct SP. */ > return __kvm_mmu_get_shadow_page(kvm, NULL, &caches, gfn, role); > @@ -6646,66 +6690,49 @@ void kvm_mmu_invalidate_mmio_sptes(struct kvm *kvm, u64 gen) > static unsigned long > mmu_shrink_scan(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc) > { > - struct kvm *kvm; > - int nr_to_scan = sc->nr_to_scan; > + struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *cache; > + struct kvm *kvm, *first_kvm = NULL; > unsigned long freed = 0; > + /* spinlock for memory cache */ > + spinlock_t *cache_lock; > + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; > + unsigned long i; > > mutex_lock(&kvm_lock); > > list_for_each_entry(kvm, &vm_list, vm_list) { > - int idx; > - LIST_HEAD(invalid_list); > - > - /* > - * Never scan more than sc->nr_to_scan VM instances. > - * Will not hit this condition practically since we do not try > - * to shrink more than one VM and it is very unlikely to see > - * !n_used_mmu_pages so many times. > - */ > - if (!nr_to_scan--) > + if (first_kvm == kvm) > break; > - /* > - * n_used_mmu_pages is accessed without holding kvm->mmu_lock > - * here. We may skip a VM instance errorneosly, but we do not > - * want to shrink a VM that only started to populate its MMU > - * anyway. > - */ > - if (!kvm->arch.n_used_mmu_pages && > - !kvm_has_zapped_obsolete_pages(kvm)) > - continue; > + if (!first_kvm) > + first_kvm = kvm; > + list_move_tail(&kvm->vm_list, &vm_list); > > - idx = srcu_read_lock(&kvm->srcu); > - write_lock(&kvm->mmu_lock); > + kvm_for_each_vcpu(i, vcpu, kvm) { What protects this from racing with vCPU creation/deletion? > + cache = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache; > + cache_lock = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock; > + if (READ_ONCE(cache->nobjs)) { > + spin_lock(cache_lock); > + freed += kvm_mmu_empty_memory_cache(cache); > + spin_unlock(cache_lock); > + } What about freeing kvm->arch.split_shadow_page_cache as well? > > - if (kvm_has_zapped_obsolete_pages(kvm)) { > - kvm_mmu_commit_zap_page(kvm, > - &kvm->arch.zapped_obsolete_pages); > - goto unlock; > } > > - freed = kvm_mmu_zap_oldest_mmu_pages(kvm, sc->nr_to_scan); > - > -unlock: > - write_unlock(&kvm->mmu_lock); > - srcu_read_unlock(&kvm->srcu, idx); > - > - /* > - * unfair on small ones > - * per-vm shrinkers cry out > - * sadness comes quickly > - */ > - list_move_tail(&kvm->vm_list, &vm_list); > - break; > + if (freed >= sc->nr_to_scan) > + break; > } > > + if (freed) > + percpu_counter_sub(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages, freed); > mutex_unlock(&kvm_lock); > + percpu_counter_sync(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages); > return freed; > } > > static unsigned long > mmu_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc) > { > - return percpu_counter_read_positive(&kvm_total_used_mmu_pages); > + return percpu_counter_sum_positive(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages); > } > > static struct shrinker mmu_shrinker = { > @@ -6820,7 +6847,7 @@ int kvm_mmu_vendor_module_init(void) > if (!mmu_page_header_cache) > goto out; > > - if (percpu_counter_init(&kvm_total_used_mmu_pages, 0, GFP_KERNEL)) > + if (percpu_counter_init(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages, 0, GFP_KERNEL)) > goto out; > > ret = register_shrinker(&mmu_shrinker, "x86-mmu"); > @@ -6830,7 +6857,7 @@ int kvm_mmu_vendor_module_init(void) > return 0; > > out_shrinker: > - percpu_counter_destroy(&kvm_total_used_mmu_pages); > + percpu_counter_destroy(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages); > out: > mmu_destroy_caches(); > return ret; > @@ -6847,7 +6874,7 @@ void kvm_mmu_destroy(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > void kvm_mmu_vendor_module_exit(void) > { > mmu_destroy_caches(); > - percpu_counter_destroy(&kvm_total_used_mmu_pages); > + percpu_counter_destroy(&kvm_total_unused_mmu_pages); > unregister_shrinker(&mmu_shrinker); > } > > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h > index ac00bfbf32f6..c2a342028b6a 100644 > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu_internal.h > @@ -325,4 +325,6 @@ void *mmu_memory_cache_alloc(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc); > void track_possible_nx_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp); > void untrack_possible_nx_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp); > > +void *kvm_mmu_sp_memory_cache_alloc(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *shadow_page_cache, > + spinlock_t *cache_lock); > #endif /* __KVM_X86_MMU_INTERNAL_H */ > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c > index 764f7c87286f..4974fa96deff 100644 > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c > @@ -264,7 +264,8 @@ static struct kvm_mmu_page *tdp_mmu_alloc_sp(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > struct kvm_mmu_page *sp; > > sp = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(&vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache); > - sp->spt = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache); > + sp->spt = kvm_mmu_sp_memory_cache_alloc(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache, > + &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache_lock); > > return sp; > } > diff --git a/include/linux/kvm_host.h b/include/linux/kvm_host.h > index 01aad8b74162..efd9b38ea9a2 100644 > --- a/include/linux/kvm_host.h > +++ b/include/linux/kvm_host.h > @@ -1362,6 +1362,7 @@ void kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(struct kvm *kvm); > int kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc, int min); > int __kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc, int capacity, int min); > int kvm_mmu_memory_cache_nr_free_objects(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc); > +int kvm_mmu_empty_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc); > void kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc); > void *kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc); > #endif > diff --git a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c > index 13e88297f999..f2d762878b97 100644 > --- a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c > +++ b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c > @@ -438,8 +438,10 @@ int kvm_mmu_memory_cache_nr_free_objects(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc) > return mc->nobjs; > } > > -void kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc) > +int kvm_mmu_empty_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc) > { > + int freed = mc->nobjs; > + > while (mc->nobjs) { > if (mc->kmem_cache) > kmem_cache_free(mc->kmem_cache, mc->objects[--mc->nobjs]); > @@ -447,8 +449,13 @@ void kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc) > free_page((unsigned long)mc->objects[--mc->nobjs]); > } > > - kvfree(mc->objects); > + return freed; > +} > > +void kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc) > +{ > + kvm_mmu_empty_memory_cache(mc); > + kvfree(mc->objects); > mc->objects = NULL; > mc->capacity = 0; > } > -- > 2.39.0.314.g84b9a713c41-goog >
