Now that the TDP MMU has a mechanism to split huge pages, use it in the
fault path when a huge page needs to be replaced with a mapping at a
lower level.
This change reduces the negative performance impact of NX HugePages.
Prior to this change if a vCPU executed from a huge page and NX
HugePages was enabled, the vCPU would take a fault, zap the huge page,
and mapping the faulting address at 4KiB with execute permissions
enabled. The rest of the memory would be left *unmapped* and have to be
faulted back in by the guest upon access (read, write, or execute). If
guest is backed by 1GiB, a single execute instruction can zap an entire
GiB of its physical address space.
For example, it can take a VM longer to execute from its memory than to
populate that memory in the first place:
$ ./execute_perf_test -s anonymous_hugetlb_1gb -v96
Populating memory : 2.748378795s
Executing from memory : 2.899670885s
With this change, such faults split the huge page instead of zapping it,
which avoids the non-present faults on the rest of the huge page:
$ ./execute_perf_test -s anonymous_hugetlb_1gb -v96
Populating memory : 2.729544474s
Executing from memory : 0.111965688s <---
This change also reduces the performance impact of dirty logging when
eager_page_split=N. eager_page_split=N (abbreviated "eps=N" below) can
be desirable for read-heavy workloads, as it avoids allocating memory to
split huge pages that are never written and avoids increasing the TLB
miss cost on reads of those pages.
| Config: ept=Y, tdp_mmu=Y, 5% writes |
| Iteration 1 dirty memory time |
| --------------------------------------------- |
vCPU Count | eps=N (Before) | eps=N (After) | eps=Y |
------------ | -------------- | ------------- | ------------ |
2 | 0.332305091s | 0.019615027s | 0.006108211s |
4 | 0.353096020s | 0.019452131s | 0.006214670s |
8 | 0.453938562s | 0.019748246s | 0.006610997s |
16 | 0.719095024s | 0.019972171s | 0.007757889s |
32 | 1.698727124s | 0.021361615s | 0.012274432s |
64 | 2.630673582s | 0.031122014s | 0.016994683s |
96 | 3.016535213s | 0.062608739s | 0.044760838s |
Eager page splitting remains beneficial for write-heavy workloads, but
the gap is now reduced.
| Config: ept=Y, tdp_mmu=Y, 100% writes |
| Iteration 1 dirty memory time |
| --------------------------------------------- |
vCPU Count | eps=N (Before) | eps=N (After) | eps=Y |
------------ | -------------- | ------------- | ------------ |
2 | 0.317710329s | 0.296204596s | 0.058689782s |
4 | 0.337102375s | 0.299841017s | 0.060343076s |
8 | 0.386025681s | 0.297274460s | 0.060399702s |
16 | 0.791462524s | 0.298942578s | 0.062508699s |
32 | 1.719646014s | 0.313101996s | 0.075984855s |
64 | 2.527973150s | 0.455779206s | 0.079789363s |
96 | 2.681123208s | 0.673778787s | 0.165386739s |
Further study is needed to determine if the remaining gap is acceptable
for customer workloads or if eager_page_split=N still requires a-priori
knowledge of the VM workload, especially when considering these costs
extrapolated out to large VMs with e.g. 416 vCPUs and 12TB RAM.
Signed-off-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@xxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Mingwei Zhang <mizhang@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c | 73 ++++++++++++++++++--------------------
1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
index 4e5b3ae824c1..e08596775427 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
@@ -1146,6 +1146,9 @@ static int tdp_mmu_link_sp(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
return 0;
}
+static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
+ struct kvm_mmu_page *sp, bool shared);
+
/*
* Handle a TDP page fault (NPT/EPT violation/misconfiguration) by installing
* page tables and SPTEs to translate the faulting guest physical address.
@@ -1171,49 +1174,42 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
if (iter.level == fault->goal_level)
break;
- /*
- * If there is an SPTE mapping a large page at a higher level
- * than the target, that SPTE must be cleared and replaced
- * with a non-leaf SPTE.
- */
+ /* Step down into the lower level page table if it exists. */
if (is_shadow_present_pte(iter.old_spte) &&
- is_large_pte(iter.old_spte)) {
- if (tdp_mmu_zap_spte_atomic(vcpu->kvm, &iter))
- break;
+ !is_large_pte(iter.old_spte))
+ continue;
- /*
- * The iter must explicitly re-read the spte here
- * because the new value informs the !present
- * path below.
- */
- iter.old_spte = kvm_tdp_mmu_read_spte(iter.sptep);
- }
+ /*
+ * If SPTE has been frozen by another thread, just give up and
+ * retry, avoiding unnecessary page table allocation and free.
+ */
+ if (is_removed_spte(iter.old_spte))
+ break;
- if (!is_shadow_present_pte(iter.old_spte)) {
- /*
- * If SPTE has been frozen by another thread, just
- * give up and retry, avoiding unnecessary page table
- * allocation and free.
- */
- if (is_removed_spte(iter.old_spte))
- break;
+ /*
+ * The SPTE is either non-present or points to a huge page that
+ * needs to be split.
+ */
+ sp = tdp_mmu_alloc_sp(vcpu);
+ tdp_mmu_init_child_sp(sp, &iter);
- sp = tdp_mmu_alloc_sp(vcpu);
- tdp_mmu_init_child_sp(sp, &iter);
+ sp->nx_huge_page_disallowed = fault->huge_page_disallowed;
- sp->nx_huge_page_disallowed = fault->huge_page_disallowed;
+ if (is_shadow_present_pte(iter.old_spte))
+ ret = tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(kvm, &iter, sp, true);
+ else
+ ret = tdp_mmu_link_sp(kvm, &iter, sp, true);
- if (tdp_mmu_link_sp(kvm, &iter, sp, true)) {
- tdp_mmu_free_sp(sp);
- break;
- }
+ if (ret) {
+ tdp_mmu_free_sp(sp);
+ break;
+ }
- if (fault->huge_page_disallowed &&
- fault->req_level >= iter.level) {
- spin_lock(&kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_pages_lock);
- track_possible_nx_huge_page(kvm, sp);
- spin_unlock(&kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_pages_lock);
- }
+ if (fault->huge_page_disallowed &&
+ fault->req_level >= iter.level) {
+ spin_lock(&kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_pages_lock);
+ track_possible_nx_huge_page(kvm, sp);
+ spin_unlock(&kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_pages_lock);
}
}
@@ -1477,6 +1473,7 @@ static struct kvm_mmu_page *tdp_mmu_alloc_sp_for_split(struct kvm *kvm,
return sp;
}
+/* Note, the caller is responsible for initializing @sp. */
static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
struct kvm_mmu_page *sp, bool shared)
{
@@ -1484,8 +1481,6 @@ static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
const int level = iter->level;
int ret, i;
- tdp_mmu_init_child_sp(sp, iter);
-
/*
* No need for atomics when writing to sp->spt since the page table has
* not been linked in yet and thus is not reachable from any other CPU.
@@ -1561,6 +1556,8 @@ static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_pages_root(struct kvm *kvm,
continue;
}
+ tdp_mmu_init_child_sp(sp, &iter);
+
if (tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(kvm, &iter, sp, shared))
goto retry;
--
2.38.1.431.g37b22c650d-goog
