On Mon, Feb 14, 2022 at 09:15:44AM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > But how does the sound device know that this has been done to it? > > eg how do we know the sound device hasn't been bound to VFIO or > something at this point? The iommu_attach_group() call will fail when the group (which includes GPU and sound device) it not in its default-domain. So if VFIO attached the group to its own domain, there is a failure in this init function. Note that this function is intended to be called by the driver currently controling this device, so there should also be no race with VFIO trying to grab the device in parallel. Regards, Joerg
