On Mon, Sep 27, 2021 at 01:32:34PM +0000, Tian, Kevin wrote: > but I'm little worried that even vfio-pci itself cannot be bound now, > which implies that all devices in a group which are intended to be > used by the user must be bound to vfio-pci in a breath before the > user attempts to open any of them, i.e. late-binding and device- > hotplug is disallowed after the initial open. I'm not sure how > important such an usage would be, but it does cause user-tangible > semantics change. Oh, that's bad.. I guess your approach is the only way forward, it will have to be extensively justified in the commit message for Greg et al. Jason