On Mon, Jun 14, 2021 at 10:56:56AM -0700, Ben Gardon wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 4:57 PM David Matlack <dmatlack@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > This test measures the performance effects of KVM's access tracking.
> > Access tracking is driven by the MMU notifiers test_young, clear_young,
> > and clear_flush_young. These notifiers do not have a direct userspace
> > API, however the clear_young notifier can be triggered by marking a
> > pages as idle in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. This test leverages
> > that mechanism to enable access tracking on guest memory.
> >
> > To measure performance this test runs a VM with a configurable number of
> > vCPUs that each touch every page in disjoint regions of memory.
> > Performance is measured in the time it takes all vCPUs to finish
> > touching their predefined region.
> >
> > Example invocation:
> >
> > $ ./access_tracking_perf_test -v 8
> > Testing guest mode: PA-bits:ANY, VA-bits:48, 4K pages
> > guest physical test memory offset: 0xffdfffff000
> >
> > Populating memory : 1.337752570s
> > Writing to populated memory : 0.010177640s
> > Reading from populated memory : 0.009548239s
> > Mark memory idle : 23.973131748s
> > Writing to idle memory : 0.063584496s
> > Mark memory idle : 24.924652964s
> > Reading from idle memory : 0.062042814s
> >
> > Breaking down the results:
> >
> > * "Populating memory": The time it takes for all vCPUs to perform the
> > first write to every page in their region.
> >
> > * "Writing to populated memory" / "Reading from populated memory": The
> > time it takes for all vCPUs to write and read to every page in their
> > region after it has been populated. This serves as a control for the
> > later results.
> >
> > * "Mark memory idle": The time it takes for every vCPU to mark every
> > page in their region as idle through page_idle.
> >
> > * "Writing to idle memory" / "Reading from idle memory": The time it
> > takes for all vCPUs to write and read to every page in their region
> > after it has been marked idle.
> >
> > This test should be portable across architectures but it is only enabled
> > for x86_64 since that's all I have tested.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
> Reviewed-by: Ben Gardon <bgardon@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
> > ---
> > tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore | 1 +
> > tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 1 +
> > .../selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c | 419 ++++++++++++++++++
> > 3 files changed, 421 insertions(+)
> > create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
> >
> > diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> > index bd83158e0e0b..32a362d71e05 100644
> > --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> > +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore
> > @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
> > /x86_64/xen_vmcall_test
> > /x86_64/xss_msr_test
> > /x86_64/vmx_pmu_msrs_test
> > +/access_tracking_perf_test
> > /demand_paging_test
> > /dirty_log_test
> > /dirty_log_perf_test
> > diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> > index e439d027939d..9f1b478da92b 100644
> > --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> > +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile
> > @@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/tsc_msrs_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/vmx_pmu_msrs_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/xen_shinfo_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += x86_64/xen_vmcall_test
> > +TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += access_tracking_perf_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += demand_paging_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += dirty_log_test
> > TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86_64 += dirty_log_perf_test
> > diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..60828f2d780f
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/access_tracking_perf_test.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +/*
> > + * access_tracking_test
> > + *
> > + * Copyright (C) 2021, Google, Inc.
> > + *
> > + * This test measures the performance effects of KVM's access tracking.
> > + * Access tracking is driven by the MMU notifiers test_young, clear_young, and
> > + * clear_flush_young. These notifiers do not have a direct userspace API,
> > + * however the clear_young notifier can be triggered by marking a pages as idle
> > + * in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. This test leverages that mechanism to
> > + * enable access tracking on guest memory.
> > + *
> > + * To measure performance this test runs a VM with a configurable number of
> > + * vCPUs that each touch every page in disjoint regions of memory. Performance
> > + * is measured in the time it takes all vCPUs to finish touching their
> > + * predefined region.
> > + *
> > + * Note that a deterministic correctness test of access tracking is not possible
> > + * by using page_idle as it exists today. This is for a few reasons:
> > + *
> > + * 1. page_idle only issues clear_young notifiers, which lack a TLB flush. This
> > + * means subsequent guest accesses are not guaranteed to see page table
> > + * updates made by KVM until some time in the future.
> > + *
> > + * 2. page_idle only operates on LRU pages. Newly allocated pages are not
> > + * immediately allocated to LRU lists. Instead they are held in a "pagevec",
> > + * which is drained to LRU lists some time in the future. There is no
> > + * userspace API to force this drain to occur.
> > + *
> > + * These limitations are worked around in this test by using a large enough
> > + * region of memory for each vCPU such that the number of translations cached in
> > + * the TLB and the number of pages held in pagevecs are a small fraction of the
> > + * overall workload. And if either of those conditions are not true this test
> > + * will fail rather than silently passing.
> > + */
> > +#include <inttypes.h>
> > +#include <limits.h>
> > +#include <pthread.h>
> > +#include <sys/mman.h>
> > +#include <sys/types.h>
> > +#include <sys/stat.h>
> > +
> > +#include "kvm_util.h"
> > +#include "test_util.h"
> > +#include "perf_test_util.h"
> > +#include "guest_modes.h"
> > +
> > +/* Global variable used to synchronize all of the vCPU threads. */
> > +static int iteration = -1;
> > +
> > +/* Defines what vCPU threads should do during a given iteration. */
> > +static enum {
> > + /* Run the vCPU to access all its memory. */
> > + ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY,
> > + /* Mark the vCPU's memory idle in page_idle. */
> > + ITERATION_MARK_IDLE,
> > +} iteration_work;
> > +
> > +/* Set to true when vCPU threads should exit. */
> > +static bool done;
> > +
> > +/* The iteration that was last completed by each vCPU. */
> > +static int vcpu_last_completed_iteration[KVM_MAX_VCPUS];
> > +
> > +/* Whether to overlap the regions of memory vCPUs access. */
> > +static bool overlap_memory_access;
> > +
> > +struct test_params {
> > + /* The backing source for the region of memory. */
> > + enum vm_mem_backing_src_type backing_src;
> > +
> > + /* The amount of memory to allocate for each vCPU. */
> > + uint64_t vcpu_memory_bytes;
> > +
> > + /* The number of vCPUs to create in the VM. */
> > + int vcpus;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static uint64_t pread_uint64(int fd, const char *filename, uint64_t index)
> > +{
> > + uint64_t value;
> > + off_t offset = index * sizeof(value);
> > +
> > + TEST_ASSERT(pread(fd, &value, sizeof(value), offset) == sizeof(value),
> > + "pread from %s offset 0x%" PRIx64 " failed!",
> > + filename, offset);
> > +
> > + return value;
> > +
> > +}
> > +
> > +static uint64_t lookup_pfn(int pagemap_fd, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t gva)
> > +{
> > + uint64_t hva = (uint64_t) addr_gva2hva(vm, gva);
> > + uint64_t entry;
> > +
> > + entry = pread_uint64(pagemap_fd, "pagemap", hva / getpagesize());
> > + if (!(entry & (1ULL << 63)))
> > + return 0;
> > +
> > + return (entry & ((1ULL << 55) - 1));
>
> It might be helpful to document these shifts and other constants in this test.
Good suggestion. Will do in v2.
>
> > +}
> > +
> > +static bool is_page_idle(int page_idle_fd, uint64_t pfn)
> > +{
> > + uint64_t bits = pread_uint64(page_idle_fd, "page_idle", pfn / 64);
> > +
> > + return !!((bits >> (pfn % 64)) & 1);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void mark_page_idle(int page_idle_fd, uint64_t pfn)
> > +{
> > + uint64_t bits = 1ULL << (pfn % 64);
> > +
> > + TEST_ASSERT(pwrite(page_idle_fd, &bits, 8, 8 * (pfn / 64)) == 8,
> > + "Set page_idle bits for PFN 0x%" PRIx64, pfn);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void mark_vcpu_memory_idle(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpu_id)
> > +{
> > + uint64_t base_gva = perf_test_args.vcpu_args[vcpu_id].gva;
> > + uint64_t pages = perf_test_args.vcpu_args[vcpu_id].pages;
> > + uint64_t page;
> > + uint64_t still_idle = 0;
> > + uint64_t no_pfn = 0;
> > + int page_idle_fd;
> > + int pagemap_fd;
> > +
> > + /* If vCPUs are using an overlapping region, let vCPU 0 mark it idle. */
> > + if (overlap_memory_access && vcpu_id)
> > + return;
> > +
> > + page_idle_fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR);
> > + TEST_ASSERT(page_idle_fd > 0, "Failed to open page_idle.");
> > +
> > + pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
> > + TEST_ASSERT(pagemap_fd > 0, "Failed to open pagemap.");
>
> Should this have an early skip-check too? I assume not all users of
> this test will be running with the privileges required to access
> pagemap.
Yes good point. Will do in v2.
>
>
> > +
> > + for (page = 0; page < pages; page++) {
> > + uint64_t gva = base_gva + page * perf_test_args.guest_page_size;
> > + uint64_t pfn = lookup_pfn(pagemap_fd, vm, gva);
> > +
> > + if (!pfn) {
> > + no_pfn++;
> > + continue;
> > + }
> > +
> > + if (is_page_idle(page_idle_fd, pfn)) {
> > + still_idle++;
> > + continue;
> > + }
> > +
> > + mark_page_idle(page_idle_fd, pfn);
> > + }
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * Assumption: Less than 1% of pages are going to be swapped out from
> > + * under us during this test.
> > + */
> > + TEST_ASSERT(no_pfn < pages / 100,
> > + "vCPU %d: No PFN for %" PRIu64 " out of %" PRIu64 " pages.",
> > + vcpu_id, no_pfn, pages);
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * Test that at least 90% of memory has been marked idle (the rest might
> > + * not be marked idle because the pages have not yet made it to an LRU
> > + * list or the translations are still cached in the TLB). 90% is
> > + * arbitrary; high enough that we ensure most memory access went through
> > + * access tracking but low enough as to not make the test too brittle
> > + * over time and across architectures.
> > + */
> > + TEST_ASSERT(still_idle < pages / 10,
> > + "vCPU%d: Too many pages still idle (%"PRIu64 " out of %"
> > + PRIu64 ").\n",
> > + vcpu_id, still_idle, pages);
> > +
> > + close(page_idle_fd);
> > + close(pagemap_fd);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void assert_ucall(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id,
> > + uint64_t expected_ucall)
> > +{
> > + struct ucall uc;
> > + uint64_t actual_ucall = get_ucall(vm, vcpu_id, &uc);
> > +
> > + TEST_ASSERT(expected_ucall == actual_ucall,
> > + "Guest exited unexpectedly (expected ucall %" PRIu64
> > + ", got %" PRIu64 ")",
> > + expected_ucall, actual_ucall);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static bool spin_wait_for_next_iteration(int *current_iteration)
> > +{
> > + int last_iteration = *current_iteration;
> > +
> > + do {
> > + if (READ_ONCE(done))
> > + return false;
> > +
> > + *current_iteration = READ_ONCE(iteration);
> > + } while (last_iteration == *current_iteration);
> > +
> > + return true;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void *vcpu_thread_main(void *arg)
> > +{
> > + struct perf_test_vcpu_args *vcpu_args = arg;
> > + struct kvm_vm *vm = perf_test_args.vm;
> > + int vcpu_id = vcpu_args->vcpu_id;
> > + int current_iteration = -1;
> > +
> > + vcpu_args_set(vm, vcpu_id, 1, vcpu_id);
> > +
> > + while (spin_wait_for_next_iteration(¤t_iteration)) {
> > + switch (READ_ONCE(iteration_work)) {
> > + case ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY:
> > + vcpu_run(vm, vcpu_id);
> > + assert_ucall(vm, vcpu_id, UCALL_SYNC);
> > + break;
> > + case ITERATION_MARK_IDLE:
> > + mark_vcpu_memory_idle(vm, vcpu_id);
> > + break;
> > + };
> > +
> > + vcpu_last_completed_iteration[vcpu_id] = current_iteration;
> > + }
> > +
> > + return NULL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void spin_wait_for_vcpu(int vcpu_id, int target_iteration)
> > +{
> > + while (READ_ONCE(vcpu_last_completed_iteration[vcpu_id]) !=
> > + target_iteration) {
> > + continue;
> > + }
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* The type of memory accesses to perform in the VM. */
> > +enum access_type {
> > + ACCESS_READ,
> > + ACCESS_WRITE,
> > +};
> > +
> > +static void run_iteration(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus, const char *description)
> > +{
> > + struct timespec ts_start;
> > + struct timespec ts_elapsed;
> > + int next_iteration;
> > + int vcpu_id;
> > +
> > + /* Kick off the vCPUs by incrementing iteration. */
> > + next_iteration = ++iteration;
> > +
> > + clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts_start);
> > +
> > + /* Wait for all vCPUs to finish the iteration. */
> > + for (vcpu_id = 0; vcpu_id < vcpus; vcpu_id++)
> > + spin_wait_for_vcpu(vcpu_id, next_iteration);
> > +
> > + ts_elapsed = timespec_elapsed(ts_start);
> > + pr_info("%-30s: %ld.%09lds\n",
> > + description, ts_elapsed.tv_sec, ts_elapsed.tv_nsec);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void access_memory(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus, enum access_type access,
> > + const char *description)
> > +{
> > + perf_test_args.wr_fract = (access == ACCESS_READ) ? INT_MAX : 1;
> > + sync_global_to_guest(vm, perf_test_args);
> > + iteration_work = ITERATION_ACCESS_MEMORY;
> > + run_iteration(vm, vcpus, description);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void mark_memory_idle(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpus)
> > +{
> > + /*
> > + * Even though this parallelizes the work across vCPUs, this is still a
> > + * very slow operation because page_idle forces the test to mark one pfn
> > + * at a time and the clear_young notifier serializes on the KVM MMU
> > + * lock.
> > + */
> > + pr_debug("Marking VM memory idle (slow)...\n");
> > + iteration_work = ITERATION_MARK_IDLE;
> > + run_iteration(vm, vcpus, "Mark memory idle");
> > +}
> > +
> > +static pthread_t *create_vcpu_threads(int vcpus)
> > +{
> > + pthread_t *vcpu_threads;
> > + int i;
> > +
> > + vcpu_threads = malloc(vcpus * sizeof(vcpu_threads[0]));
> > + TEST_ASSERT(vcpu_threads, "Failed to allocate vcpu_threads.");
> > +
> > + for (i = 0; i < vcpus; i++) {
> > + vcpu_last_completed_iteration[i] = iteration;
> > + pthread_create(&vcpu_threads[i], NULL, vcpu_thread_main,
> > + &perf_test_args.vcpu_args[i]);
> > + }
> > +
> > + return vcpu_threads;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void terminate_vcpu_threads(pthread_t *vcpu_threads, int vcpus)
> > +{
> > + int i;
> > +
> > + /* Set done to signal the vCPU threads to exit */
> > + done = true;
> > +
> > + for (i = 0; i < vcpus; i++)
> > + pthread_join(vcpu_threads[i], NULL);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, void *arg)
> > +{
> > + struct test_params *params = arg;
> > + struct kvm_vm *vm;
> > + pthread_t *vcpu_threads;
> > + int vcpus = params->vcpus;
> > +
> > + vm = perf_test_create_vm(mode, vcpus, params->vcpu_memory_bytes,
> > + params->backing_src);
> > +
> > + perf_test_setup_vcpus(vm, vcpus, params->vcpu_memory_bytes,
> > + !overlap_memory_access);
> > +
> > + vcpu_threads = create_vcpu_threads(vcpus);
> > +
> > + pr_info("\n");
> > + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Populating memory");
> > +
> > + /* As a control, read and write to the populated memory first. */
> > + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Writing to populated memory");
> > + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_READ, "Reading from populated memory");
> > +
> > + /* Repeat on memory that has been marked as idle. */
> > + mark_memory_idle(vm, vcpus);
> > + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_WRITE, "Writing to idle memory");
> > + mark_memory_idle(vm, vcpus);
> > + access_memory(vm, vcpus, ACCESS_READ, "Reading from idle memory");
> > +
> > + terminate_vcpu_threads(vcpu_threads, vcpus);
> > + free(vcpu_threads);
> > + perf_test_destroy_vm(vm);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void help(char *name)
> > +{
> > + puts("");
> > + printf("usage: %s [-h] [-m mode] [-b vcpu_bytes] [-v vcpus] [-o] [-s mem_type]\n",
> > + name);
> > + puts("");
> > + printf(" -h: Display this help message.");
> > + guest_modes_help();
> > + printf(" -b: specify the size of the memory region which should be\n"
> > + " dirtied by each vCPU. e.g. 10M or 3G.\n"
> > + " (default: 1G)\n");
> > + printf(" -v: specify the number of vCPUs to run.\n");
> > + printf(" -o: Overlap guest memory accesses instead of partitioning\n"
> > + " them into a separate region of memory for each vCPU.\n");
> > + printf(" -s: specify the type of memory that should be used to\n"
> > + " back the guest data region.\n\n");
> > + backing_src_help();
> > + puts("");
> > + exit(0);
> > +}
> > +
> > +int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> > +{
> > + struct test_params params = {
> > + .backing_src = VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS,
> > + .vcpu_memory_bytes = DEFAULT_PER_VCPU_MEM_SIZE,
> > + .vcpus = 1,
> > + };
> > + int page_idle_fd;
> > + int opt;
> > +
> > + guest_modes_append_default();
> > +
> > + while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hm:b:v:os:")) != -1) {
> > + switch (opt) {
> > + case 'm':
> > + guest_modes_cmdline(optarg);
> > + break;
> > + case 'b':
> > + params.vcpu_memory_bytes = parse_size(optarg);
> > + break;
> > + case 'v':
> > + params.vcpus = atoi(optarg);
> > + break;
> > + case 'o':
> > + overlap_memory_access = true;
> > + break;
> > + case 's':
> > + params.backing_src = parse_backing_src_type(optarg);
> > + break;
> > + case 'h':
> > + default:
> > + help(argv[0]);
> > + break;
> > + }
> > + }
> > +
> > + page_idle_fd = open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR);
> > + if (page_idle_fd < 0) {
> > + print_skip("CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING is not enabled");
> > + exit(KSFT_SKIP);
> > + }
> > + close(page_idle_fd);
> > +
> > + for_each_guest_mode(run_test, ¶ms);
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > --
> > 2.32.0.272.g935e593368-goog
> >
