Add a fallback mechanism to the in-kernel instruction emulator that
allows userspace the opportunity to process an instruction the emulator
was unable to. When the in-kernel instruction emulator fails to process
an instruction it will either inject a #UD into the guest or exit to
userspace with exit reason KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR. This is because it does
not know how to proceed in an appropriate manner. This feature lets
userspace get involved to see if it can figure out a better path
forward.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lewis <aaronlewis@xxxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: David Edmondson <david.edmondson@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst | 19 +++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 6 ++++++
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++
tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
index 307f2fcf1b02..17668d3e1cb7 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
@@ -6233,6 +6233,25 @@ KVM_RUN_BUS_LOCK flag is used to distinguish between them.
This capability can be used to check / enable 2nd DAWR feature provided
by POWER10 processor.
+7.24 KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE
+--------------------------------------
+
+:Architectures: x86
+:Parameters: args[0] whether the feature should be enabled or not
+
+When this capability is enabled, an emulation failure will result in an exit
+to userspace with KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR (except when the emulator was invoked
+to handle a VMware backdoor instruction). Furthermore, KVM will now provide up
+to 15 instruction bytes for any exit to userspace resulting from an emulation
+failure. When these exits to userspace occur use the emulation_failure struct
+instead of the internal struct. They both have the same layout, but the
+emulation_failure struct matches the content better. It also explicitly
+defines the 'flags' field which is used to describe the fields in the struct
+that are valid (ie: if KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION_FLAG_INSTRUCTION_BYTES is
+set in the 'flags' field then both 'insn_size' and 'insn_bytes' have valid data
+in them.)
+
+
8. Other capabilities.
======================
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 3768819693e5..07235d08e976 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1049,6 +1049,12 @@ struct kvm_arch {
bool exception_payload_enabled;
bool bus_lock_detection_enabled;
+ /*
+ * If exit_on_emulation_error is set, and the in-kernel instruction
+ * emulator fails to emulate an instruction, allow userspace
+ * the opportunity to look at it.
+ */
+ bool exit_on_emulation_error;
/* Deflect RDMSR and WRMSR to user space when they trigger a #GP */
u32 user_space_msr_mask;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index eca63625aee4..703bcc93b129 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -3771,6 +3771,7 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
case KVM_CAP_X86_USER_SPACE_MSR:
case KVM_CAP_X86_MSR_FILTER:
case KVM_CAP_ENFORCE_PV_FEATURE_CPUID:
+ case KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE:
r = 1;
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_XEN
@@ -5357,6 +5358,10 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm *kvm,
kvm->arch.bus_lock_detection_enabled = true;
r = 0;
break;
+ case KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE:
+ kvm->arch.exit_on_emulation_error = cap->args[0];
+ r = 0;
+ break;
default:
r = -EINVAL;
break;
@@ -7119,8 +7124,33 @@ void kvm_inject_realmode_interrupt(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int irq, int inc_eip)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_inject_realmode_interrupt);
+static void prepare_emulation_failure_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt = vcpu->arch.emulate_ctxt;
+ u32 insn_size = ctxt->fetch.end - ctxt->fetch.data;
+ struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
+
+ run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+ run->emulation_failure.suberror = KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION;
+ run->emulation_failure.ndata = 0;
+ run->emulation_failure.flags = 0;
+
+ if (insn_size) {
+ run->emulation_failure.ndata = 3;
+ run->emulation_failure.flags |=
+ KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION_FLAG_INSTRUCTION_BYTES;
+ run->emulation_failure.insn_size = insn_size;
+ memset(run->emulation_failure.insn_bytes, 0x90,
+ sizeof(run->emulation_failure.insn_bytes));
+ memcpy(run->emulation_failure.insn_bytes,
+ ctxt->fetch.data, insn_size);
+ }
+}
+
static int handle_emulation_failure(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int emulation_type)
{
+ struct kvm *kvm = vcpu->kvm;
+
++vcpu->stat.insn_emulation_fail;
trace_kvm_emulate_insn_failed(vcpu);
@@ -7129,10 +7159,9 @@ static int handle_emulation_failure(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int emulation_type)
return 1;
}
- if (emulation_type & EMULTYPE_SKIP) {
- vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR;
- vcpu->run->internal.suberror = KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION;
- vcpu->run->internal.ndata = 0;
+ if (kvm->arch.exit_on_emulation_error ||
+ (emulation_type & EMULTYPE_SKIP)) {
+ prepare_emulation_failure_exit(vcpu);
return 0;
}
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
index f6afee209620..1bca5d066e3c 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
@@ -279,6 +279,9 @@ struct kvm_xen_exit {
/* Encounter unexpected vm-exit reason */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_REASON 4
+/* Flags that describe what fields in emulation_failure hold valid data. */
+#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION_FLAG_INSTRUCTION_BYTES (1ULL << 0)
+
/* for KVM_RUN, returned by mmap(vcpu_fd, offset=0) */
struct kvm_run {
/* in */
@@ -382,6 +385,25 @@ struct kvm_run {
__u32 ndata;
__u64 data[16];
} internal;
+ /*
+ * KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION
+ *
+ * "struct emulation_failure" is an overlay of "struct internal"
+ * that is used for the KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION sub-type of
+ * KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR. Note, unlike other internal error
+ * sub-types, this struct is ABI! It also needs to be backwards
+ * compatible with "struct internal". Take special care that
+ * "ndata" is correct, that new fields are enumerated in "flags",
+ * and that each flag enumerates fields that are 64-bit aligned
+ * and sized (so that ndata+internal.data[] is valid/accurate).
+ */
+ struct {
+ __u32 suberror;
+ __u32 ndata;
+ __u64 flags;
+ __u8 insn_size;
+ __u8 insn_bytes[15];
+ } emulation_failure;
/* KVM_EXIT_OSI */
struct {
__u64 gprs[32];
@@ -1078,6 +1100,7 @@ struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
#define KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING 192
#define KVM_CAP_X86_BUS_LOCK_EXIT 193
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_DAWR1 194
+#define KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE 195
#ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
index f6afee209620..1bca5d066e3c 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
@@ -279,6 +279,9 @@ struct kvm_xen_exit {
/* Encounter unexpected vm-exit reason */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_REASON 4
+/* Flags that describe what fields in emulation_failure hold valid data. */
+#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION_FLAG_INSTRUCTION_BYTES (1ULL << 0)
+
/* for KVM_RUN, returned by mmap(vcpu_fd, offset=0) */
struct kvm_run {
/* in */
@@ -382,6 +385,25 @@ struct kvm_run {
__u32 ndata;
__u64 data[16];
} internal;
+ /*
+ * KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION
+ *
+ * "struct emulation_failure" is an overlay of "struct internal"
+ * that is used for the KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION sub-type of
+ * KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR. Note, unlike other internal error
+ * sub-types, this struct is ABI! It also needs to be backwards
+ * compatible with "struct internal". Take special care that
+ * "ndata" is correct, that new fields are enumerated in "flags",
+ * and that each flag enumerates fields that are 64-bit aligned
+ * and sized (so that ndata+internal.data[] is valid/accurate).
+ */
+ struct {
+ __u32 suberror;
+ __u32 ndata;
+ __u64 flags;
+ __u8 insn_size;
+ __u8 insn_bytes[15];
+ } emulation_failure;
/* KVM_EXIT_OSI */
struct {
__u64 gprs[32];
@@ -1078,6 +1100,7 @@ struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
#define KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING 192
#define KVM_CAP_X86_BUS_LOCK_EXIT 193
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_DAWR1 194
+#define KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE 195
#ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
--
2.31.1.607.g51e8a6a459-goog
