From: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx> The VFIO API was enhanced to support nested stage control: a bunch of new ioctls and usage guideline. Let's document the process to follow to set up nested mode. Cc: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@xxxxxxxxx> CC: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@xxxxxxxxxx> Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx> Cc: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe@xxxxxxxxxx> Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@xxxxxxxxxx> Cc: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> Signed-off-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx> Signed-off-by: Liu Yi L <yi.l.liu@xxxxxxxxx> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@xxxxxxxxxx> --- v6 -> v7: *) tweak per Eric's comments. v5 -> v6: *) tweak per Eric's comments. v3 -> v4: *) add review-by from Stefan Hajnoczi v2 -> v3: *) address comments from Stefan Hajnoczi v1 -> v2: *) new in v2, compared with Eric's original version, pasid table bind and fault reporting is removed as this series doesn't cover them. Original version from Eric. https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20200320161911.27494-12-eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx/ --- Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst index f1a4d3c..10851dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst @@ -239,6 +239,82 @@ group and can access them as follows:: /* Gratuitous device reset and go... */ ioctl(device, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET); +IOMMU Dual Stage Control +------------------------ + +Some IOMMUs support 2 stages/levels of translation. Stage corresponds +to the ARM terminology while level corresponds to Intel's terminology. +In the following text we use either without distinction. + +This is useful when the guest is exposed with a virtual IOMMU and some +devices are assigned to the guest through VFIO. Then the guest OS can +use stage-1 (GIOVA -> GPA or GVA->GPA), while the hypervisor uses stage +2 for VM isolation (GPA -> HPA). + +Under dual stage translation, the guest gets ownership of the stage-1 +page tables or both the stage-1 configuration structures and page tables. +This depends on vendor. e.g. on Intel platform, guest owns stage-1 page +tables under nesting. While on ARM, guest owns both the stage-1 configuration +structures and page tables under nesting. The hypervisor owns the root +configuration structure (for security reason), including stage-2 configuration. +This works as long as configuration structures and page table formats are +compatible between the virtual IOMMU and the physical IOMMU. + +Assuming the HW supports it, this nested mode is selected by choosing the +VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU type through: + + ioctl(container, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU); + +This forces the hypervisor to use the stage-2, leaving stage-1 available +for guest usage. +The stage-1 format and binding method are reported in nesting capability. +(VFIO_IOMMU_TYPE1_INFO_CAP_NESTING) through VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO: + + ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO, &nesting_info); + +The nesting cap info is available only after NESTING_IOMMU is selected. +If the underlying IOMMU doesn't support nesting, VFIO_SET_IOMMU fails and +userspace should try other IOMMU types. Details of the nesting cap info +can be found in Documentation/userspace-api/iommu.rst. + +Bind stage-1 page table to the IOMMU differs per platform. On Intel, +the stage1 page table info are mediated by the userspace for each PASID. +On ARM, the userspace directly passes the GPA of the whole PASID table. +Currently only Intel's binding is supported (IOMMU_NESTING_FEAT_BIND_PGTBL) +is supported: + + nesting_op->flags = VFIO_IOMMU_NESTING_OP_BIND_PGTBL; + memcpy(&nesting_op->data, &bind_data, sizeof(bind_data)); + ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_NESTING_OP, nesting_op); + +When multiple stage-1 page tables are supported on a device, each page +table is associated with a PASID (Process Address Space ID) to differentiate +with each other. In such case, userspace should include PASID in the +bind_data when issuing direct binding request. + +PASID could be managed per-device or system-wide which, again, depends on +IOMMU vendor and is reported in nesting cap info. When system-wide policy +is reported (IOMMU_NESTING_FEAT_SYSWIDE_PASID), e.g. as by Intel platforms, +userspace *must* allocate PASID from VFIO before attempting binding of +stage-1 page table: + + req.flags = VFIO_IOMMU_ALLOC_PASID; + ioctl(container, VFIO_IOMMU_PASID_REQUEST, &req); + +Once the stage-1 page table is bound to the IOMMU, the guest is allowed to +fully manage its mapping at its disposal. The IOMMU walks nested stage-1 +and stage-2 page tables when serving DMA requests from assigned device, and +may cache the stage-1 mapping in the IOTLB. When required (IOMMU_NESTING_ +FEAT_CACHE_INVLD), userspace *must* forward guest stage-1 invalidation to +the host, so the IOTLB is invalidated: + + nesting_op->flags = VFIO_IOMMU_NESTING_OP_CACHE_INVLD; + memcpy(&nesting_op->data, &cache_inv_data, sizeof(cache_inv_data)); + ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_NESTING_OP, nesting_op); + +Forwarded invalidations can happen at various granularity levels (page +level, context level, etc.) + VFIO User API ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 2.7.4
