Hi Yan, I wonder if this might reduce the lock contention you're seeing in the vfio_dma_rw series. These are only compile tested on my end, so I hope they're not too broken to test. Thanks, Alex --- Alex Williamson (3): vfio/type1: Convert vfio_iommu.lock from mutex to rwsem vfio/type1: Replace obvious read lock instances vfio/type1: Introduce pfn_list mutex drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)