On 09/06/19 10:18, Christoffer Dall wrote: > In some sense, we are thus maintaining a 'hidden', or internal, > reference to the page, which is not counted anywhere. > > I am wondering if it would be equally valid to take a reference on the > page, and remove that reference when unmapping via MMU notifiers, and if > so, if there would be any advantages/drawbacks in doing so? If I understand correctly, I think the MMU notifier would not fire if you took an actual reference; the page would be pinned in memory and could not be swapped out. Paolo