Re: [PATCH] arm64: KVM: set right LR register value for 32 bit guest when inject abort

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Hi Marc,

On 2017/10/13 23:12, Marc Zyngier wrote:
> On 13/10/17 15:29, gengdongjiu wrote:
>> Hi Marc,
>>     Thank you very much for your time to review it.
>>
>>> On 12/10/17 17:44, Dongjiu Geng wrote:
>>>> When a exception is trapped to EL2, hardware uses  ELR_ELx to hold the
>>>> current fault instruction address. If KVM wants to inject a abort to
>>>> 32 bit guest, it needs to set the LR register for the guest to emulate
>>>> this abort  happened in the guest. Because ARM32 architecture is
>>>> Multi-pipeline, so the LR value has an offset to
>>>
>>> What does "Multi-pipeline" mean?
>>
>> I mean the ARM's single-cycle instruction 3-stage pipeline operation, as shown below:
>>
>> fetch   decode   execute
>>         fetch    decode   execute
>>                  fetch    decode   execute
>>
>> when CPU finish instructions fetch,  PC=PC + 4
>> when CPU finish instructions decode, PC=PC + 8
>> when CPU finish instructions execution, PC=PC+12
> 
> Yeah, and that's called pipelined execution. "Multi-pipeline" doesn't 
> mean anything. Also, that's an artefact of the original ARM1 
> implementation, and not how modern CPUs work anymore.
Ok, thanks for the clarification.

> 
>>
>> that is to say, when happen data abort, 
>> the PC = fault instruction address + 12, LR_abt = fault instruction address + 8
>>
>> In order to emulate this abort for KVM, LR_abt needs to add an offset 8 when inject data abort. 
>>
>>>
>>>> the fault instruction address.
>>>>
>>>> The offsets applied to Link value for exceptions as shown below, which
>>>> should be added for the ARM32 link register(LR).
>>>>
>>>> Exception			Offset, for PE state of:
>>>> 				A32 	  T32
>>>> Undefined Instruction 		+4 	  +2
>>>> Prefetch Abort 			+4 	  +4
>>>> Data Abort 			+8 	  +8
>>>> IRQ or FIQ 			+4 	  +4
>>>
>>> Please document where this table is coming from.
>>
>>
>> Thanks for pointing out. Will add it.
>> It come from:  DDI0487A_k_armv8_arm_iss10775, "G1.12.3 Overview of exception entry", Table G1-10 Offsets applied to Link value for exceptions taken to non-EL2 modes
>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Dongjiu Geng <gengdongjiu@xxxxxxxxxx>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Haibin Zhang <zhanghaibin7@xxxxxxxxxx>
>>>>
>>>> ---
>>>> For example, to the undefined instruction injection:
>>>>
>>>> 1. Guest OS call SMC(Secure Monitor Call) instruction in the address
>>>> 0xc025405c, then Guest traps to hypervisor
>>>>
>>>> c0254050:   e59d5028    ldr r5, [sp, #40]   ; 0x28
>>>> c0254054:   e3a03001    mov r3, #1
>>>> c0254058:   e1a01003    mov r1, r3
>>>> c025405c:   e1600070    smc 0
>>>> c0254060:   e30a0270    movw    r0, #41584  ; 0xa270
>>>> c0254064:   e34c00bf    movt    r0, #49343  ; 0xc0bf
>>>>
>>>> 2. KVM  injects undefined abort to guest 3. We will find the fault PC
>>>> is 0xc0254058, not 0xc025405c.
>>>>
>>>> [   12.348072] Internal error: Oops - undefined instruction: 0 [#1] SMP ARM
>>>> [   12.349786] Modules linked in:
>>>> [   12.350563] CPU: 1 PID: 71 Comm: cat Not tainted 4.1.0-dirty #25
>>>> [   12.352061] Hardware name: Generic DT based system
>>>> [   12.353275] task: d9d08000 ti: d9cfe000 task.ti: d9cfe000
>>>> [   12.354637] PC is at proc_dointvec+0x20/0x60
>>>> [   12.355717] LR is at proc_sys_call_handler+0xb0/0xc4
>>>> [   12.356972] pc : [<c0254058>]    lr : [<c035699c>]    psr: a0060013
>>>> [   12.356972] sp : d9cffe90  ip : c0254038  fp : 00000001
>>>> [   12.359824] r10: d9cfff80  r9 : 00000004  r8 : 00000000
>>>> [   12.361132] r7 : bec21cb0  r6 : d9cffec4  r5 : d9cfff80  r4 : c0e82de0
>>>> [   12.362766] r3 : 00000001  r2 : bec21cb0  r1 : 00000001  r0 : c0e82de0
>>>> [   12.364400] Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  ISA ARM  Segment user
>>>> [   12.366183] Control: 10c5383d  Table: 59d3406a  DAC: 00000015
>>>> [   12.367623] Process cat (pid: 71, stack limit = 0xd9cfe220)
>>>>
>>>> 4. After correct the LR register, it will have right value
>>>>
>>>> [  125.763370] Internal error: Oops - undefined instruction: 0 [#2]
>>>> SMP ARM [  125.767010] Modules linked in:
>>>> [  125.768472] CPU: 1 PID: 74 Comm: cat Tainted: G      D         4.1.0-dirty #25
>>>> [  125.771854] Hardware name: Generic DT based system [  125.774053]
>>>> task: db0bb900 ti: d9d10000 task.ti: d9d10000 [  125.776821] PC is at
>>>> proc_dointvec+0x24/0x60 [  125.778919] LR is at
>>>> proc_sys_call_handler+0xb0/0xc4
>>>> [  125.781269] pc : [<c025405c>]    lr : [<c035699c>]    psr: a0060013
>>>> [  125.781269] sp : d9d11e90  ip : c0254038  fp : 00000001 [
>>>> 125.786581] r10: d9d11f80  r9 : 00000004  r8 : 00000000 [  125.789673]
>>>> r7 : be92ccb0  r6 : d9d11ec4  r5 : d9d11f80  r4 : c0e82de0 [
>>>> 125.792828] r3 : 00000001  r2 : be92ccb0  r1 : 00000001  r0 : c0e82de0
>>>> [  125.795890] Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  ISA ARM
>>>> Segment user
>>>>
>>>> For other exception injection, such as Data/Prefetch abort, also needs
>>>> to correct
>>>> ---
>>>>  arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c | 18 ++++++++++++------
>>>>  1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
>>>> b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c index da6a8cf..da93508 100644
>>>> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
>>>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
>>>> @@ -33,12 +33,11 @@
>>>>  #define LOWER_EL_AArch64_VECTOR		0x400
>>>>  #define LOWER_EL_AArch32_VECTOR		0x600
>>>>
>>>> -static void prepare_fault32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 mode, u32
>>>> vect_offset)
>>>> +static void prepare_fault32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 mode, u32 vect_offset,
>>>> +				u32 return_offset)
>>>>  {
>>>>  	unsigned long cpsr;
>>>>  	unsigned long new_spsr_value = *vcpu_cpsr(vcpu);
>>>> -	bool is_thumb = (new_spsr_value & COMPAT_PSR_T_BIT);
>>>> -	u32 return_offset = (is_thumb) ? 4 : 0;
>>>>  	u32 sctlr = vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c1_SCTLR);
>>>>
>>>>  	cpsr = mode | COMPAT_PSR_I_BIT;
>>>> @@ -65,7 +64,11 @@ static void prepare_fault32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>>>> u32 mode, u32 vect_offset)
>>>>
>>>>  static void inject_undef32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)  {
>>>> -	prepare_fault32(vcpu, COMPAT_PSR_MODE_UND, 4);
>>>> +	unsigned long spsr_value = *vcpu_cpsr(vcpu);
>>>> +	bool is_thumb = (spsr_value & COMPAT_PSR_T_BIT);
>>>> +	u32 return_offset = (is_thumb) ? 2 : 4;
>>>> +
>>>> +	prepare_fault32(vcpu, COMPAT_PSR_MODE_UND, 4, return_offset);
>>>>  }
>>>>
>>>>  /*
>>>> @@ -75,21 +78,24 @@ static void inject_undef32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>>>> static void inject_abt32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool is_pabt,
>>>>  			 unsigned long addr)
>>>>  {
>>>> -	u32 vect_offset;
>>>> +	u32 vect_offset, return_offset;
>>>>  	u32 *far, *fsr;
>>>>  	bool is_lpae;
>>>>
>>>>  	if (is_pabt) {
>>>>  		vect_offset = 12;
>>>> +		return_offset = 4;
>>>>  		far = &vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c6_IFAR);
>>>>  		fsr = &vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c5_IFSR);
>>>>  	} else { /* !iabt */
>>>>  		vect_offset = 16;
>>>> +		return_offset = 8;
>>>>  		far = &vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c6_DFAR);
>>>>  		fsr = &vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c5_DFSR);
>>>>  	}
>>>>
>>>> -	prepare_fault32(vcpu, COMPAT_PSR_MODE_ABT | COMPAT_PSR_A_BIT, vect_offset);
>>>> +	prepare_fault32(vcpu, COMPAT_PSR_MODE_ABT | COMPAT_PSR_A_BIT,
>>>> +		       vect_offset, return_offset);
>>>>
>>>>  	*far = addr;
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> So instead of adding this extra parameter and littering the code with random constants, why don't you actually implement the table you've
>>> put in the commit log and compute the offset in a single place (which is likely to be prepare_fault32)?
>>
>> Marc,
>>   It because multiple abort(Undefined Abort/Prefetch Abort/Data Abort) call the prepare_fault32(), if adding to a single place in prepare_fault32(),prepare_fault32() will 
>> not know whether the Abort injection is for Prefetch Abort or Data Abort or Undefined Abort, then will be confused for the value of "return_offset"
>>
>> For example:
>> inject_abt32() is used to inject prefetch Abort or Data Abort, it passes same parameters to call prepare_fault32() for the two Abort. If adding and computing the offset in a prepare_fault32(),
>> it will be confused to compute the offset, because it does not know whether this function call is for prefetch Abort or Data Abort. [1]
>>
>> If computing the offset in a single place, do you have better idea for that?
> 
> Yes. Realise that vect_offset uniquely identify the type of fault we're 
> trying to inject:
Good suggestion, I will follow that.

> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
> index da6a8cfa54a0..0416f1857c68 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c
> @@ -33,12 +33,26 @@
>  #define LOWER_EL_AArch64_VECTOR		0x400
>  #define LOWER_EL_AArch32_VECTOR		0x600
>  
> +/*
> + * Table taken from ARMv8 ARM DDI0487B-B, table G1-10.
> + */
> +static u8 return_offsets[8][2] = {
> +	[0] = { 0, 0 },		/* Reset, unused */
> +	[1] = { 4, 2 },		/* Undefined */
> +	[2] = { 0, 0 },		/* SVC, unused */
> +	[3] = { 4, 4 },		/* Prefetch abort */
> +	[4] = { 8, 8 },		/* Data abort */
> +	[5] = { 0, 0 },		/* HVC, unused */
> +	[6] = { 4, 4 },		/* IRQ, unused */
> +	[7] = { 4, 4 },		/* FIQ, unused */
> +};
> +
>  static void prepare_fault32(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 mode, u32 vect_offset)
>  {
>  	unsigned long cpsr;
>  	unsigned long new_spsr_value = *vcpu_cpsr(vcpu);
>  	bool is_thumb = (new_spsr_value & COMPAT_PSR_T_BIT);
> -	u32 return_offset = (is_thumb) ? 4 : 0;
> +	u32 return_offset = return_offsets[vect_offset >> 2][is_thumb];
>  	u32 sctlr = vcpu_cp15(vcpu, c1_SCTLR);
>  
>  	cpsr = mode | COMPAT_PSR_I_BIT;

Thanks for the example.

> 
> Please also update the 32bit code accordingly, as it looks broken too.
yes, I also notice that 32 bit code has the same issue, I will update them too.

> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	M.
> 




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