I've pushed my branch that tries to make this work with the XFS data separation here: http://git.infradead.org/?p=users/hch/xfs.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/xfs-zoned-streams This is basically my current WIP xfs zoned (aka always write out place) work optimistically destined for 6.14 + the patch set in this thread + a little fix to make it work for nvme-multipath plus the tiny patch to wire it up. The good news is that the API from Keith mostly works. I don't really know how to cope with the streams per partition bitmap, and I suspect this will need to be dealt with a bit better. One option might be to always have a bitmap, which would also support discontiguous write stream numbers as actually supported by the underlying NVMe implementation, another option would be to always map to consecutive numbers. The bad news is that for file systems or applications to make full use of the API we also really need an API to expose how much space is left in a write stream, as otherwise they can easily get out of sync on a power fail. I've left that code in as a TODO, it should not affect basic testing. We get the same kind of performance numbers as the ZNS support on comparable hardware platforms, which is expected. Testing on an actual state of the art non-prototype hardware will take more time as the capacities are big enough that getting serious numbers will take a lot more time.