> And yes, it's hard to participate without spending (significant) time. I don't know how else this could be done though. It's at least my opinion that if time is made available, the barrier of entry is probably the lowest of any similar organisation I can think of. I like the article it is a great benefit for us (i.e. permissionless), and regarding time spent by participants, I think what is important is not what was *spent*, but what was *used*, time is money for us and IETF. The IETF is gaining time as long participants spend it for the IETF, but the most important times are the ones used in IETF. The beauty of IETF working time it is not fixed but dynamic per day (including weekends), no organisation can get similar gain only through *remote participations*. If IETF reduces remote participation services, then it will not gain much working times. I agree that IETF may not be using well the working times spent in WGs. I hope all WGs encourage permissionless for remote-participants. I spend 30 minutes for this, including reading thread, but my aim is used or benefits by someone. AB