Harald, HTA> and should make no assumptions on HTA> whether the trust is rooted in Verisign or psg.com, or is brokered through HTA> a mechanism that doesn't need a single root for its trust mechanism. HTA> If "centralized conference control" doesn't mean that anyone with the HTA> required resources can be a center, I think we're on a very wrong path. The style of protocol needed for a single, centralized control mechanism, versus a distributed and cooperative control mechanism, typically is quite different. The obvious example would be centralized dns control -- as we now have for each node in the tree -- versus efforts to create multiple authorities for any given node, such as the root. Did you have in mind a way to reconcile this? d/ -- Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com> Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com> Sunnyvale, CA USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>