on 5/29/2003 6:27 PM Dean Anderson wrote: > Anyway, with Type 1 and Type 2 spam, this is unnecessary, since they > tell you how to contact them in the message. There is still a reason to have verifiable identities for commercial spam, which is protection against joe-jobs. You want to have proof that the beneficiary is really the spammer and not just a victim, or that the spammer is really the spammer regardless of who he is spamming for. While there are ways of doing this after the fact as you said, having a verifiable sender identity makes it a lot simpler. -- Eric A. Hall http://www.ehsco.com/ Internet Core Protocols http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/coreprot/