Richard, >>The internet is not the street. Someone is selling a product. In order to >>sell a product you must be able to reach them. If you can reach them, you >>can find a way to deal with them legally. RS> Excellent point .. at the FTC Workshop on SPAM this was pointed out in RS> considerable detail. ... RS> That the mail was set off shore was not the issue... you attack the problem RS> at its source ..the business that use SPAM. Follow the money! Perhaps we heard different presentations. The bottom line I heard was that the effort to track down spammers was far too large to be practical. We were regaled with a story of corporate layering, 18 pre-trial subpoenas, and various other obfuscations (by the spammers, not the state enforcement folk) and an eventual result of only USD 10,000 in fines. And then it was pointed out that government enforcers are often faced with minor trade-offs such as going after spammers, versus going after drug dealers and terrorists. To me the message was very clear: Legal recourse is not likely to be a primary agent of change against spamming, even when the spammers are ostensibly within an accountable jurisdiction. And there are those based elsewhere... d/ ps. perhaps folks haven't noticed that a) many spammers who want money really are in other countries and they just can't be bothered to limit their mailing to the "right" country, and b) many spammers do not want money are are either selling religion or the like, or are simply playing pranks. -- Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com> Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com> Sunnyvale, CA USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>