> i am reminded by this thread that the most powerful force on the internet > continues to be a single voice saying that something cannot be done. well, I've certainly seen it happen. (though I think the most powerful force on the internet is large numbers of voices insisting that something be done whether or not it makes sense - not that this is what is happening here.) I don't want to discourage you from developing the mail from dns idea further, but neither do I think it will help the spam problem much. my biggest concern is that it will be used as an excuse to constrain where people can send mail from, and at a time when ill-conceived spam countermeasures are already a serious operational problem and probably the most significant cause of failure to deliver legitimate mail. Keith