On Windows, Git encounters fatal errors (that do not happen on Linux) when reading and writing the Git config in parallel processes. I and some peers can relatively easily reproduce this by running in parallel (e.g., in two separate terminal/PowerShell windows): for (;;) {git rev-parse HEAD} for (;;) {git config --local user.name foo} The rev-parse "thread" will spew messages like: f100762176b7b085e81cafe261a049d809772ace f100762176b7b085e81cafe261a049d809772ace f100762176b7b085e81cafe261a049d809772ace warning: unable to access '.git/config': Permission denied fatal: unknown error occurred while reading the configuration files f100762176b7b085e81cafe261a049d809772ace This affects any command that reads the Git config (which is all/most of them); rev-parse is just a convenient stand-in. I have seen the work to make lockfile renames (and thus config edits I believe) more atomic in https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1729695349.git.ps@xxxxxx/T/ which should be in 28.0 IIUC. However, the above issue can still be reproduced with an RC build of 28.0 (of the Git for Windows distribution). Based on where the unknown error text occurs in the code, I speculate that the "atomic rename" of config.lock to config is allowing subsequent readers to read an incomplete version of the config file, which means that the fix I referenced above may be deficient in some way. I will omit the context around my problem, which can be summarized as "legacy infrastructure/scripts", but I'd like to frame this bug report as "this works on Linux, but not on Windows" in the hopes of getting some help, although I understand this may not be the highest priority. (Apologies in advance for my ignorance with Windows and/or using this mailing list.)