[PATCH v2 1/5] bswap.h: squelch potential sparse -Wcast-truncate warnings

[Jeff King <peff@xxxxxxxx>]

From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@xxxxxxxxx>

In put_be32(), we right-shift a uint32_t value various amounts and then
assign the low 8-bits to individual "unsigned char" bytes, throwing away
the high bits. For shifts smaller than 24 bits, those thrown away bits
will be arbitrary bits from the original uint32_t.

This works exactly as we want, but if you feed a constant, then sparse
complains. For example if we write this (which we plan to do in a future
patch):

  put_be32(hdr, PACK_SIGNATURE);

then "make sparse" produces:

  compat/bswap.h:175:22: error: cast truncates bits from constant value (5041 becomes 41)
  compat/bswap.h:176:22: error: cast truncates bits from constant value (504143 becomes 43)
  compat/bswap.h:177:22: error: cast truncates bits from constant value (5041434b becomes 4b)

And the same issue exists in the other put_be*() functions, when used
with a constant.

We can silence this warning by explicitly masking off the truncated
bits. The compiler is smart enough to know the result is the same, and
the asm generated by gcc (with both -O0 and -O2) is identical.

Curiously this line already exists:

	put_be32(&hdr_version, INDEX_EXTENSION_VERSION2);

in the fsmonitor.c file, but it does not get flagged because the CPP
macro expands to a small integer (2).

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@xxxxxxxx>
---
I tweaked the commit message to make more sense in context. Probably
should get Junio's signoff. :)

I noticed that reftable/basics.c has its own version of these macros,
and it also does the masking.

 compat/bswap.h | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/compat/bswap.h b/compat/bswap.h
index 512f6f4b99..b34054f2bd 100644
--- a/compat/bswap.h
+++ b/compat/bswap.h
@@ -171,23 +171,23 @@ static inline uint64_t get_be64(const void *ptr)
 static inline void put_be32(void *ptr, uint32_t value)
 {
 	unsigned char *p = ptr;
-	p[0] = value >> 24;
-	p[1] = value >> 16;
-	p[2] = value >>  8;
-	p[3] = value >>  0;
+	p[0] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	p[1] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+	p[2] = (value >>  8) & 0xff;
+	p[3] = (value >>  0) & 0xff;
 }
 
 static inline void put_be64(void *ptr, uint64_t value)
 {
 	unsigned char *p = ptr;
-	p[0] = value >> 56;
-	p[1] = value >> 48;
-	p[2] = value >> 40;
-	p[3] = value >> 32;
-	p[4] = value >> 24;
-	p[5] = value >> 16;
-	p[6] = value >>  8;
-	p[7] = value >>  0;
+	p[0] = (value >> 56) & 0xff;
+	p[1] = (value >> 48) & 0xff;
+	p[2] = (value >> 40) & 0xff;
+	p[3] = (value >> 32) & 0xff;
+	p[4] = (value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	p[5] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
+	p[6] = (value >>  8) & 0xff;
+	p[7] = (value >>  0) & 0xff;
 }
 
 #endif /* COMPAT_BSWAP_H */
-- 
2.48.1.466.g22b8cfd1fa