tl;dr: This series contributes the Scalar command to the Git project. This command provides an opinionated way to create and configure repositories with a focus on very large repositories. Background ========== Years ago, Microsoft wanted to move the source code of the Windows operating system to Git. The challenge there was to prove that Git could scale to massive monorepos. The VFS for Git (formerly GVFS) project was born to take up that challenge. The final solution included a virtual filesystem (with both user-mode and kernel components) and a customized fork of Git for Windows. This solution contained several key concepts, such as only populating a portion of the working directory, demand-fetching blobs, and performing periodic repo maintenance in the background. However, the required kernel drivers made it difficult to port the solution to other platforms. But it was realized that many of these key concepts were independent of the actual VFS and its projection of the working directory. The Scalar project was created to make that separation, refine the key concepts, and then extract those features into the new Scalar command. The present =========== The Scalar project provides a completely functional non-virtual experience for monorepos. But why stop there. The Scalar project was designed to be a self-destructing vehicle to allow those key concepts to be moved into core Git itself for the benefit of all. For example, partial clone, sparse-checkout, and background maintenance have already been upstreamed and removed from Scalar proper. This patch series provides a C-based implementation of the final remaining portions of the Scalar command. This will make it easier for users to experiment with the Scalar command. It will also make it substantially easier to experiment with moving functionality from Scalar into core Git, while maintaining backwards-compatibility for existing Scalar users. The C-based Scalar has been shipped to Scalar users, and can be tested by any interested reader: https://github.com/microsoft/git/releases/tag/v2.33.0.vfs.0.0 (it offers a Git for Windows installer, a macOS package and an Ubuntu package). Opportunities ============= Apart from providing the Scalar command, this contribution is intended to serve as a basis for further mailing list discussions on moving (some of) these key concepts into the main Git commands. For example, we previously discussed the idea of a "git big-clone" that does much of what "scalar clone" is doing. This patch series is a step to make such functionality exist in the Git code base while we simmer on what such a "git big-clone" command-line interface would look like. This is one of many possible ways to do this. Creating a 'git big-clone' could lock Git into backwards compatibility concerns so it is necessary to approach such an endeavor with caution. As a discussion starter, the scalar clone <url> command does roughly this: 1. git clone --sparse --filter=blob:none /src 2. git -C /src sparse-checkout init --cone 3. git -C /src config (many times) 4. git -C /src maintenance start It is my hope inspire discussions about what parts of Scalar could go into core Git, and where, and in which form. While we wish to maintain backwards-compatibility of Scalar's command-line interface (because it is already in use), by having the Scalar code in the same code base as Git's, it will be much easier to move functionality without having to maintain loose version coupling between independently-versioned Scalar and Git. The tight version-coupling, along with having access to libgit.a also allows the C-based implementation of Scalar to be much smaller than the original .NET version. For example, we might choose in the future to implement, say, git clone --scale=partial,cone to initialize a partial clone with a cone-sparse checkout, that would not only be totally doable, and not only would we already have precedent and data to prove that this actually makes engineers happy who have to work on ginormous repositories, but we could then also implement it by moving parts of contrib/scalar/ to builtin/ (where contrib/scalar/ would then call the built-ins accordingly rather than hard-coding the defaults itself). We now also have the opportunity to discuss the merits of Scalar's clone caching, which is not actually part of this patch series because it is a bit coupled with the GVFS parts of microsoft/git for the moment, where clones automatically get registered with a populated alternate repository that is identified by the URL, meaning: subsequent clones of the same repository are vastly faster than the first one because they do not actually download the already-received objects again, they access the cache instead. Another thing that I could imagine to be discussed at length is the distinction between enlistment and worktree (where the latter is the actual Git worktree and usually lives in the src/ subdirectory of the former). This encourages untracked and ignored files to be placed outside the worktree, making Git's job much easier. This idea, too, might find its way in one way or another into Git proper. These are just a few concepts in Scalar that do not yet have equivalents in Git. By putting this initial implementation into contrib/, we create a foundation for future discussions of these concepts. We plan on updating the recommended config settings in scalar register as new Git features are available (such as builtin FSMonitor and sparse-index, when ready). To facilitate upgrading existing Scalar enlistments, their paths are automatically added to the [scalar] section of the global Git config, and the scalar reconfigure --all command will process all of them. Epilogue ======== Now, to address some questions that I imagine every reader has who made it this far: * Why not put the Scalar functionality directly into a built-in? Creating a Git builtin requires scrutiny over every aspect of the feature, which is difficult to do while also maintaining the command-line interface contract and expected behavior of the Scalar command (there are existing users, after all). By having the Scalar command in contrib/, we present a simple option for users to have these features in the short term while the Git contributor community decides which bits to absorb into Git built-ins. * Why implement the Scalar command in the Git codebase? We ported Scalar to the microsoft/git fork for several reasons. First, we realized it was possible now that the core features exist inside Git itself. Second, compiling Scalar directly within a version of Git allows us to remove a version compatibility check from each config option that might or might not apply based on the installed Git version. Finally, this new location has greatly simplified our release process and the installation process for users. We now have ways to install Scalar with microsoft/git via winget, brew, and apt-get. This has been the case since we shipped v2.32.0 to our users, read: this setup has served us well already. * Why contribute Scalar to the Git project? We are biased, of course, yet we do have evidence that the Scalar command is a helpful tool that offers an simple way to handle huge repositories with ease. By contributing it to the core Git project, we are able to share it with more users, especially some users who do not want to install the microsoft/git fork. We intend to include Scalar as a component in git-for-windows/git, but are contributing it here first. Further, we think there is benefit to the Git developer community as this presents an example of how to set certain defaults that work for large repositories. * Does this integrate with the built-in FSMonitor yet? No, not yet. I do have a couple of add-on patch series lined up, one of them being the integration with the built-in FSMonitor, which obviously has to wait until the FSMonitor patch series advances further. Changes since v2: * Adjusted the description of the list command in the manual page , as suggested by Bagas. * Addressed two style nits in cmd_run(). * The documentation of git reconfigure -a was improved. Changes since v1: * A couple typos were fixed * The code parsing the output of ls-remote was made more readable * The indentation used in scalar.txt now consistently uses tabs * We no longer hard-code core.bare = false when registering with Scalar Derrick Stolee (4): scalar: 'register' sets recommended config and starts maintenance scalar: 'unregister' stops background maintenance scalar: implement 'scalar list' scalar: implement the `run` command Johannes Schindelin (10): scalar: create a rudimentary executable scalar: start documenting the command scalar: create test infrastructure scalar: let 'unregister' handle a deleted enlistment directory gracefully scalar: implement the `clone` subcommand scalar: teach 'clone' to support the --single-branch option scalar: allow reconfiguring an existing enlistment scalar: teach 'reconfigure' to optionally handle all registered enlistments scalar: implement the `version` command scalar: accept -C and -c options before the subcommand Matthew John Cheetham (1): scalar: implement the `delete` command Makefile | 8 + contrib/scalar/.gitignore | 5 + contrib/scalar/Makefile | 57 +++ contrib/scalar/scalar.c | 844 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt | 154 ++++++ contrib/scalar/t/Makefile | 78 +++ contrib/scalar/t/t9099-scalar.sh | 88 ++++ 7 files changed, 1234 insertions(+) create mode 100644 contrib/scalar/.gitignore create mode 100644 contrib/scalar/Makefile create mode 100644 contrib/scalar/scalar.c create mode 100644 contrib/scalar/scalar.txt create mode 100644 contrib/scalar/t/Makefile create mode 100755 contrib/scalar/t/t9099-scalar.sh base-commit: ebf3c04b262aa27fbb97f8a0156c2347fecafafb Published-As: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/releases/tag/pr-1005%2Fdscho%2Fscalar-the-beginning-v3 Fetch-It-Via: git fetch https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git pr-1005/dscho/scalar-the-beginning-v3 Pull-Request: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/pull/1005 Range-diff vs v2: 1: b8c7d3f8450 = 1: b8c7d3f8450 scalar: create a rudimentary executable 2: 4f886575dcf = 2: 4f886575dcf scalar: start documenting the command 3: bcfde9bc765 = 3: bcfde9bc765 scalar: create test infrastructure 4: ee3e26a0c4e = 4: ee3e26a0c4e scalar: 'register' sets recommended config and starts maintenance 5: 6142f75875b = 5: 6142f75875b scalar: 'unregister' stops background maintenance 6: 82dd253154f = 6: 82dd253154f scalar: let 'unregister' handle a deleted enlistment directory gracefully 7: fb7c931ddb3 ! 7: d291d3723a6 scalar: implement 'scalar list' @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: an existing Git worktree with Scalar whose name is no +~~~~ + +list:: -+ To see which repositories are currently registered by the service, run -+ `scalar list`. This subcommand does not need to be run inside a Scalar -+ enlistment. ++ List enlistments that are currently registered by Scalar. This ++ subcommand does not need to be run inside an enlistment. + Register ~~~~~~~~ 8: f3223c10788 ! 8: 40dbf61771e scalar: implement the `clone` subcommand @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: an existing Git worktree with Scalar whose name is no List ~~~~ - list:: - To see which repositories are currently registered by the service, run -- `scalar list`. This subcommand does not need to be run inside a Scalar -- enlistment. -+ `scalar list`. This subcommand, like `clone`, does not need to be run -+ inside a Scalar enlistment. - - Register - ~~~~~~~~ @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: unregister [<enlistment>]:: SEE ALSO 9: b3c4b3dccc6 = 9: 414dbe7d859 scalar: teach 'clone' to support the --single-branch option 10: b7fc2dc29c8 ! 10: 76de416a643 scalar: implement the `run` command @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.c: static int cmd_register(int argc, const char **argv) + argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, + usagestr, 0); + -+ if (argc == 0) ++ if (!argc) + usage_with_options(usagestr, options); + -+ if (!strcmp("all", argv[0])) ++ if (!strcmp("all", argv[0])) { + i = -1; -+ else { ++ } else { + for (i = 0; tasks[i].arg && strcmp(tasks[i].arg, argv[0]); i++) + ; /* keep looking for the task */ + 11: 9a834c23d08 = 11: 655a902b9df scalar: allow reconfiguring an existing enlistment 12: 79e9f5d203a ! 12: 2d1987bfcda scalar: teach 'reconfigure' to optionally handle all registered enlistments @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: After a Scalar upgrade, or when the configuration of reconfigure the enlistment. +With the `--all` option, all enlistments currently registered with Scalar -+will be reconfigured. This option is meant to to be run every time after -+Scalar is upgraded. ++will be reconfigured. Use this option after each Scalar upgrade. + SEE ALSO -------- 13: 94a21982652 ! 13: c67938299ee scalar: implement the `delete` command @@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: scalar register [<enlistment>] DESCRIPTION ----------- -@@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: With the `--all` option, all enlistments currently registered with Scalar - will be reconfigured. This option is meant to to be run every time after - Scalar is upgraded. +@@ contrib/scalar/scalar.txt: reconfigure the enlistment. + With the `--all` option, all enlistments currently registered with Scalar + will be reconfigured. Use this option after each Scalar upgrade. +Delete +~~~~~~ 14: 707d8e19683 = 14: d2cd2b7094b scalar: implement the `version` command 15: 26e23b5c5e5 = 15: 7ccc4f8b9b0 scalar: accept -C and -c options before the subcommand -- gitgitgadget
