We were happily using -Wall -Wextra -Werror with GCC 8.3.0 and -isystem for Boost header files to squelch any warnings that would come out of Boost. I recently switched to GCC 12.1 and now we are getting -Wmaybe-uninitialized errors out of Boost. So I am not sure if -Wsystem-headers was not part of -Wall -Wextra in GCC 8.3.0 but is now part of GCC 12.1.0. Optimization level plays a role in this. With -O0 (GCC 12.1), the warning does not happen, but with -O3, it does. So I am not sure of the interaction between optimization, -Wall -Wextra, -Wsystem-headers, and GCC 8.3.0 and GCC 12.1.0. Any ideas? Thanks, Tom