Hi, I hope that Jonathan Wakely see this post… Previously I asked about an undefined reference error for Boost (https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-help/2017-10/msg00101.html). At that time, I finally managed to solve that by using gcc-4.5 and not gcc 4.6. Now, I *must* port the code and for this purpose I am using gcc 5.4 on Ubuntu 16.04 with boost 1.60. I am getting the same linking error and it is really a pain. I have fixed many errors related to the old code, but really don’t know what to do with this one! At the linking stage, if I use -L/home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/lib -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem Or remove one or two library names, I get the same error and that is very weird. Please see the full commands below $ g++ -fPIC -W -Wall -Wimplicit -Wswitch -Wformat -Wchar-subscripts -Wparentheses -Wmultichar -Wtrigraphs -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -Wreturn-type -Wno-unused-function -m64 -fno-strict-aliasing -I/home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0 -I. -I/use/local/cuda-8.0/include -I/home/mahmood/NVIDIA_CUDA-8.0_Samples/common/inc -DUNIX -O2 -o obj/x86_64/release/aescuda.cpp.o -c aescuda.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wimplicit’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp:23:0, from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/path.hpp:25, from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:25, from aesCudaUtils.h:27, from aescuda.cpp:28: /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:221:36: warning: ‘boost::system::posix_category’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & posix_category = generic_category(); ^ /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:222:36: warning: ‘boost::system::errno_ecat’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & errno_ecat = generic_category(); ^ /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:223:36: warning: ‘boost::system::native_ecat’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & native_ecat = system_category(); ^ $ g++ -fPIC -W -Wall -Wimplicit -Wswitch -Wformat -Wchar-subscripts -Wparentheses -Wmultichar -Wtrigraphs -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -Wreturn-type -Wno-unused-function -m64 -fno-strict-aliasing -I/home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0 -I. -I/use/local/cuda-8.0/include -I/home/mahmood/NVIDIA_CUDA-8.0_Samples/common/inc -DUNIX -O2 -o obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o -c aesCudaUtils.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wimplicit’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp:23:0, from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/path.hpp:25, from /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:25, from aesCudaUtils.h:27, from aesCudaUtils.cpp:27: /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:221:36: warning: ‘boost::system::posix_category’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & posix_category = generic_category(); ^ /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:222:36: warning: ‘boost::system::errno_ecat’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & errno_ecat = generic_category(); ^ /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp:223:36: warning: ‘boost::system::native_ecat’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable] static const error_category & native_ecat = system_category(); ^ $ g++ -fPIC -L/home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/lib -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem -m64 -o ./bin/release/AES obj/x86_64/release/aescuda.cpp.o obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o obj/x86_64/release/aesHost.cu.o -L/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64 -lcudart obj/x86_64/release/aescuda.cpp.o: In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I_aescuda.cpp': aescuda.cpp:(.text.startup+0x61b): undefined reference to `boost::system::generic_category()' aescuda.cpp:(.text.startup+0x620): undefined reference to `boost::system::generic_category()' aescuda.cpp:(.text.startup+0x629): undefined reference to `boost::system::system_category()' obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o: In function `getFileSize(boost::filesystem::path&)': aesCudaUtils..cpp:(.text+0xf96): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text+0xfa6): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::file_size(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o: In function `readFromFileNotForm(boost::filesystem::path&, char*, unsigned int)': aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text+0x10e9): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o: In function `readFromFileForm(boost::filesystem::path&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int> >&)': aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text+0x1543): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o: In function `initAesCuda(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned char*, unsigned int, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char*, unsigned int)': aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text+0x1fc7): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text+0x1fe1): undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)' obj/x86_64/release/aesCudaUtils.cpp.o: In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I_aesCudaUtils.cpp': aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text.startup+0x5): undefined reference to `boost::system::generic_category()' aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text.startup+0xa): undefined reference to `boost::system::generic_category()' aesCudaUtils.cpp:(.text.startup+0xf): undefined reference to `boost::system::system_category()' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status I think maybe, a switch in the g++ command causes such error. As I greped generic_category() in the boost code, I got $ grep -r generic_category /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/ /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: inline const error_category & generic_category() BOOST_SYSTEM_NOEXCEPT; /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: BOOST_SYSTEM_DECL const error_category & generic_category() BOOST_SYSTEM_NOEXCEPT; /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: inline const error_category & get_generic_category() { return generic_category(); } /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: inline const error_category & get_posix_category() { return generic_category(); } /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: static const error_category & posix_category = generic_category(); /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: static const error_category & errno_ecat = generic_category(); /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: error_condition() BOOST_SYSTEM_NOEXCEPT : m_val(0), m_cat(&generic_category()) {} /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: m_cat = &generic_category(); /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: { return error_code( e, generic_category() ); } /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/error_code.hpp: { return error_condition( e, generic_category() ); } /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/detail/error_code.ipp: return generic_category().message( ev ); /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/detail/error_code.ipp: BOOST_SYSTEM_LINKAGE const error_category & generic_category() BOOST_SYSTEM_NOEXCEPT /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/detail/error_code.ipp: static const generic_error_category generic_category_const; /home/mahmood/boost_1_60_0/boost/system/detail/error_code.ipp: return generic_category_const; As you can see, there are inline statements, so I am suspicious about wrong compiler options. But I am not so expert to confirm that. Any idea? Regards, Mahmood
