On Fri, Jun 19, 2015 at 1:23 PM, Cyd Haselton <chaselton@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > While researching how to cross-compile for PIE, I discovered my theory was based on a faulty premise: that PIE binaries will only run on Android 5.0. > As far as I know, this is true. Android 5.0 requires PIE. From "Security Enhancements in Android 5.0" (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/security/enhancements/enhancements50.html): Non-PIE linker support removed. Android now requires all dynamically linked executables to support PIE (position independent executables). This enhances Android’s address space layout randomization (ASLR) implementation. Jeff