Hello,
I am struggling to use gcov, lcov, and its helpers geninfo and genhtml
to document unit test coverage of a user-level application I am
developing in C. I got gcov to work with little difficulty. It's the
other commands that are causing me trouble.
My problem is that <built-in>.gcov, which I can't see a reason for
existing, is making the program crash. This is strange, because I don't
have anything named "<built-in>" in my source code!
I built my program using make and gcc ( with the '--coverage' flag.
Other flags used: '-Wall -g -lm -std=c99 -DDEBUG'. I am using the
complex.h library in c99.
Versions of various things:
-Ubuntu 10.04 (64bit).
-$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu
4.4.3-4ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs
--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr
--enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id
--with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext
--enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4
--program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu
--enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc
--disable-werror --with-arch-32=i486 --with-tune=generic
--enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
-GNU Make 3.81 built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
-gcov (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3
-lcov version 1.7
Here's the shell from where I got the error after running my executable.
I am running the gcc command in my 'bin' directory, so that's where I've
run *cov (as you're supposed to do).
$ lcov -o utests.info -c -d .
Capturing coverage data from .
Found gcov version: 4.4.3
Scanning . for .gcda files ...
Found 8 data files in .
Processing ./cp_process.gcda
geninfo: ERROR: cannot read <built-in>.gcov!
I cleaned and rebuilt, and grepped for 'built-in'. Here's what I found:
$ rgrep "built-in" .
Binary file ./bin/main.gcno matches
Binary file ./bin/unit_tests.exe matches
Sure enough, I saw "<built-in>" in a hex editor. I have no idea what
that little bit of ascii is - it's not a symbol name, as nm didn't find
it in unit_tests.exe.
To verify my theory, I ran gcov and all my files. It failed on main.c
thanks to <built-in>. Here's the shell output:
$ gcov main.c
File 'main.c'
Lines executed:100.00% of 21
main.c:creating 'main.c.gcov'
File '<built-in>'
No executable lines
<built-in>:creating '<built-in>.gcov'
<built-in>:cannot open source file
So this unwanted "<built-in>" is getting generated by the compiler, and
only for my main.c.
I searched for 'built-in', 'built', and variations in the man pages for
gcov, lcov, and gcc. I found the gcc options -fhosted and its opposite
-fno-builtin. Neither one got rid of "<built-in>".
I have been unable to even find another occurrence of this error message
online. <built-in> is impossible to find in a search engine for two
reasons: 1) the special characters '<' and '>' and 2) "built-in" is
about as generic a phrase as you can get, so those words combined with
gcov give unrelated results.
I hope you can help me fix this problem, and that perhaps I have found
an issue that is worth fixing or documenting.
Sincerely,
Boone Adkins
P.S. I am trying to get it done manually, using gcov, geninfo, and
genhtml. I have gotten it to work with a single file, but have yet to
get geninfo or genhtml to accept two files.
