Hi ruks, > I'll go for implicit template instantiation. Okay. > If I use vague linkage it again throws errors. > Can you suggest the same for the above piece of code if am not boring you. Can you provide a complete, compilable code which demonstrates the issue? The code snippets you provided do not compile as given. And when I massage them (beyond all recognition) to be able to compile, they work fine on my system. Sincerely, --Eljay