Hi Bob, > Now the stack is no longer 16-byte aligned. Leaf functions do not need to maintain stack alignment. > Furthermore, this stack alignment could have been accomplished by allocating only the 8 bytes needed for the local variable, sum. Optimized code, or non-optimized? If it is non-optimized (-O0, which is the default if not specified), non-optimized code may be non-optimal. HTH, --Eljay