Hi Perry, I only use "no throw" specification, i.e., throw(), on functions that absolutely guarantee that they do not throw. And I use it sparingly, only on my functions that really shouldn't throw, ever, such as swap functions, and I know (a priori) that those functions will never throw. NOTE: I have been stung by writing a "no throw" function, annotated with throw(), and even commented in the contract comments, yet someone later put in some additional "helpful" tracing/debugging facilities that did throw in some situations... no joy in Mudville. Caveat emptor. I do not put itemized throw specifications on functions. I highly recommend C++ Coding Standards by Sutter and Alexandrescu, in particular the section on Error Handling and Exceptions. Moreso, I highly recommend all of Sutter's books on C++. Sincerely, --Eljay
