>It is to do with ctors-for-most-derived and ctors-for-base. Could you please elaborate on this? I too have been trying to understand why two copies of ctors are getting created but could never find any explanation. As you suggested, i browsed through the ABI but still haven't found anything(so far). From your remark; >There is a bug report pointing out that, where virtual bases are not involved, >these two things are the same Can i infer that it has to do with the initialization of the pointer to the virtual base class in a derived object? Somewhere in lippman's "Inside the C++ object model" i had read that the ctor inits this pointer. Not sure that it is related. Would appreciate it if you(or somebody else) could throw some light on this. Thanks Ram -----Original Message----- From: Nathan Sidwell [mailto:nathan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 7:40 AM To: Jon Watson Cc: gcc-help@xxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: Question about duplicate C++ functions generated with GNU 3.4.1 Jon Watson wrote: > Hi - > > We recently switched to GCC 3.4.1 (built for PowerPC EABI). As we have started to recompile our code and bring up our products we noticed some odd behavior. Specifically, it appears that GCC has created two functionally identical copies of C++ object constructors that are referenced by different symbols... > Symbols for BufferPool::BufferPool(): > 00002c78 T _ZN10BufferPoolC2Ev ./..\..\..\..\..\..\..\..\..\airvana\sw\ne\src\net\BufferPool\src\Buffer Pool.cpp:91 > 00002c88 T _ZN10BufferPoolC1Ev ./..\..\..\..\..\..\..\..\..\airvana\sw\ne\src\net\BufferPool\src\Buffer Pool.cpp:91 It is to do with ctors-for-most-derived and ctors-for-base. Refer to the ABI document (linked to from Further Readings) for details. I thought there qas a faq or something about it, but I cannot find it right now. There is a bug report pointing out that, where virtual bases are not involved, these two things are the same. nathan -- Nathan Sidwell :: http://www.codesourcery.com :: CodeSourcery LLC nathan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx :: http://www.planetfall.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk