Hi Eric, As per section 5.5 of Stroustrup's C++PL (3rd ed or special ed), a temporary object cannot be bound to a non-const reference. What you are trying to do is to bind a temporary object to a non-const reference. That's not allowed by C++. (For the reasons that it's not allowed, see C++PL.) Change your pass-by-reference to a pass-by-value, then your program will compile. Or make an explicit variable instead of using a temporary. HTH, --Eljay
