So I am trying to figure out why a hard drive I am testing using fio is not getting the same specs as the official ones. Hard drive in question is https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/memory-storage/solid-state-drives/data-center-ssds/dc-p4500-series/dc-p4500-4tb-aic-3d1.html 1. When it says "Random Read (100% Span)", does that mean rwmixread=100 reads while "Random Write (100% Span)" gives rwmixread=0? 2. Is there a way to find out the other settings they used? Looking at https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/evaluate-performance-for-storage-performance-development-kit-spdk-based-nvme-ssd#inpage-nav-3 they recommend for this hard drive Intel SSD DC P4500 series: numjob=2, iodepth=256 I do not know if that is for their spdk perf program or also fio. But further down on the same page they are talking about different blocksizes and iodepths for testing for IPS, bandwidth, and latency than the ones they recommended for the P4500 drive. And that confuses the hell out of me. =) They also mentioned preconditioning the hard drive. How is that done?