Re: Multiple kernels

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On Sunday, 23 February 2025 18:14:21 Greenwich Mean Time Benson Muite wrote:
> On Sun, Feb 23, 2025, at 9:55 AM, Samuel Sieb wrote:
> 
> > On 2/22/25 6:50 PM, Benson Muite wrote:
> > 
> >> 
> >> Fedora has a policy to support only one kernel.  Projects such as
> >> OpenHarmony support multiple kernels to enable reuse of components on
> >> devices with a wide range of compute capabilities - in particular mobile
> >> and edge devices.  Is this something Fedora would consider doing?  This
> >> would potentially benefit spins aimed for mobile and desktop use.
>
> >
> >
> > What do you mean by multiple kernels?
> 
> 
> Envisage some of the following options:
> a) Enabling use of the mainline linux kernel but tuned for different
> operating expectations - desktop, mobile or server

For this use case, the Fedora experience is that we've been better served by 
working upstream to make the tuning options you need to change things that can 
be changed at boot time (or ideally, but not always reasonable, runtime). For 
example, preemption model is something that you want to tune, and can be 
selected at boot time; my desktop boots with "preempt=full", my throughput-
oriented server with "preempt=none".

What tuning options do you see need to be different between Fedora Workstation 
and Fedora Server, and what blocks them from being boot time or runtime 
tunables set by the Editions?

> b) Options for
> integrating other existing kernels such as GNU/Hurd or LinuxLibre 
> 

There's a lot more to this than just "supporting more than one kernel"; 
there's plenty that needs to be done to other RPMs than just the kernel to 
support a big change, unless the kernel is binary-compatible with all Linux 
userspace.

And if it's binary-compatible with all Linux userspace (like the LinuxLibre 
project aims to be), then it's a trivial thing to have a separate repo for the 
kernel, and not impossible to fork the entirety of Fedora to make it happen.

It also runs into a deeper philosophical question; what is the benefit to 
Fedora and its users of demanding that they make this particular choice, 
rather than having Fedora make it for them? There's a strong argument for 
saying that Fedora should ask users to only make decisions that the user can 
reasonably answer (like "do you prefer the look and feel of GNOME, KDE or 
Xfce?" or "do you want your server to be a traditional 'pet' or a host for a 
fleet of 'cattle' containers"), and that people who want "choice in every 
aspect" should look elsewhere (e.g. to Debian).

Don't get me wrong - I fully understand the "fun appeal" of being able to 
switch out more bits of the distro; but that has to be balanced against a 
distro having a cohesive aim, and spending the limited volunteer time it gets 
on things that matter.

This means that for an extra kernel choice to be worthwhile, it needs to bring 
in more volunteer effort improving the distro for everyone (including those who 
are happy with today's kernel as the only kernel) than it costs supporting it, 
including triaging bugs that are specific to your choice of kernel as well as 
the up-front costs. If you can get that much volunteer support, though, you 
can start out with a fork or secondary repo, and make the case for merging 
with Fedora once you've demonstrated that the support is there for the extra 
kernel.
-- 
Simon Farnsworth


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