Hi, TL;DR what you are trying to do is to actually reverse many security measures we added. It is perhaps acceptable for debugging but hardly for real generic system. - using memory-hard function increases cost of dictionary and brute-force attacks You can always decrease amount of memory needed, but you should do it only if you know that security margin is ok (like password is randomly generated with enough entropy). - key is in keyring to remove possibility for normal userspace to receive the key from kernel. Moreover, there is no need to retain kernel in keyring once dm-crypt device is activated. (It is still in kernel memory but only in crypto functions context). (Systemd also uses keyring to cache passphrase but that's different thing.) You can still use old way for activation with --disable-keyring activation, but then you disable this possibility. More comments below. On 19/04/2021 12:00, Kairui Song wrote: > Hi all, > > I'm currently trying to add kdump support for systemd with full-disk > LUKS encryption. vmcores contain sensitive data so they should also be > protected, and network dumps sometimes are not available. So kdump has > to open the LUKS encrypted device in the kdump environment. > > I'm using systemd/dracut, my work machine is running Fedora 34, and > there are several problems I'm trying to solve: > 1. Users have to input the password in the kdump kernel environment. > But users often don't have shell access to the kdump environment. > (headless server, graphic card not working after kexec, both are very > common) > 2. LUKS2 prefers Argon2 as the key derivation function, designed to > use a lot of memory. kdump is expected to use a minimal amount of > memory. Users will have to reserve a huge amount of memory for kdump > to work (eg. 1G reserve for kdump with 4G total memory which is not > reasonable). When I added Argon2 to LUKS2, I actually expected such issues. Despite some people beats me that they cannot use arbitrary amount of memory, we have some hard limits that were selected that it should work on most recent systems. Maybe kdump can live with it. - maximum memory cost limit is 4GB, no LUKS2 device can use more for Argon2 - we never use more than half of available physical memory (measured on the host where the device was formatted) - required amount of memory is visible in LUKS2 metadata (luksDump) for the particular keyslot (Memory: the value is in kB) - we use benchmark to calculate memory cost with prefered unlocking time 2 seconds (again, on the device where LUKS was formatted) Small systems (like RPi2) the uses much smaller acceptable values. You can configure all costs (time, memory, threads) during format or even set them to predefined values. I am sorry, but there is really no way around this - and the requeired memory must be physical memory (otherwise it slows down extremely). This is a feature, not a bug :-) > To fix these problems, I tried to pass the master key to the second > kernel directly via initramfs. Kdump will modify the initramfs in > ramfs to include the key, kexec_load it, and never write to any actual > back storage. This worked with old LUKS configurations. Well, passing volume key this way is quite insecure, but perhaps acceptable for debugging. > > But LUKS2/cryptsetup now stores the key in the kernel keyring by > default. The key is accessible from userspace. If you are talking about volume key (not passsphrase), it is not available from userspace. Only reference to it. But you can use this reference to construct in-kernel dm-crypt device. Please read https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/blob/master/docs/Keyring.txt > Users can enter the password to start kdump manually and then it will > work, but usually people expect kdump service to start automatically. > > (WIP patch series: > https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/kexec@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/thread/RTYJEQ4BV25JYVYJHTTPOK476FUEJOWW/) > > I've several ideas about how to improve it but not sure which one is > better, and if this is a good idea after all: > 1. Simply introduce a config to let systemd-cryptsetup disable kernel > keyring on setup, there is currently no such option. Well, that option could be useful anyway and we have support for it in cryptsetup (--disable-keyring CLI option) and libcryptsetup, so why not. Just this should not be a default option. This is should be patch for systemd-cryptsetup only as libcryptsetup supports it. ... > 2. If we can let the key stay in userspace for a little longer, eg. > for systems booted with dracut/systemd, when > systemd-cryptsetup@%s.service opens the crypt device, keep the key in > dm-crypt. And later when services like kdump have finished loading, > cryptsetup can refresh the device and store the key in the kernel > keyring again. We invalidate volume key in keyring after libceyposetup operation is finished (and kernel removes the reference once keyring garbage collection is run). I can imagine to add some option to keep key inside keyring even after call is finished, but as said above, this removes some security margin we intentionally introduced here. ... Milan _______________________________________________ devel mailing list -- devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To unsubscribe send an email to devel-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Fedora Code of Conduct: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/code-of-conduct/ List Guidelines: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines List Archives: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Do not reply to spam on the list, report it: https://pagure.io/fedora-infrastructure
