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Qualaquin (quinine sulfate): New Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy - Risk of serious hematological reactions
Audience: Primary Care, Infectious Disease
ISSUE: Due to continued reports of serious side effects in patients using Qualaquin "off-label" for night time leg cramps, FDA has approved a risk management plan to warn against the use of this drug for such unapproved uses. Qualaquin should not be used for night time leg cramps. Qualaquin use may result in serious and life-threatening hematological reactions, including serious bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome/ thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which in some cases may result in permanent kidney damage. In some patients, adverse reactions result in hospitalization and death.
BACKGROUND: Qualaquin is only FDA-approved for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, primarily in travelers returning from malaria-endemic areas. However, the majority of Qualaquin's use in the United States is for the treatment or prevention of night time leg cramps.The product labeling states that the risks associated with the use of Qualaquin in the absence of evidence of its effectiveness for treatment or prevention of nocturnal leg cramps outweigh any potential benefits.
The risk management plan (REMS) requires that patients be given a Medication Guide explaining what this medication is and is not approved for, as well as the potential side effects of this drug. In addition, the REMS requires that the manufacturer issue a Dear Health Care Provider Letter warning of the risk of serious and life-threatening hematologic reactions.
A data summary of adverse event reports received by FDA from April 2005 to October 2008 is provided in the Drug Safety Communication below.
RECOMMENDATION: Healthcare professionals should discuss with patients the warning signs of thrombocytopenia, such as easy bruising, severe nose bleeds, blood in the urine or stool, bleeding gums, and the appearance of unusual purple, brown, or red spots on the skin. Patients are encouraged to read the Medication Guide given to them at the pharmacy before starting Qualaquin and each time they get a refill.
Healthcare professionals and patients are encouraged to report adverse events or side effects related to the use of these products to the FDA's MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:
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- Online: www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm
- Phone: 1-800-332-1088
- Mail: return the postage-paid FDA form 3500, which may be downloaded from the MedWatch "Download Forms" page, to address on the pre-addressed form
- Fax: 1-800-FDA-0178
Read the complete MedWatch 2010 Safety Summary, including links to the Drug Safety Communication with additional instructions for clinicians and for patients, a data summary, a Consumer update article and FDA news release, at:
You are encouraged to report all serious adverse events and product quality problems to FDA MedWatch at www.fda.gov/medwatch/report.htm
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