>From the little I have heard about control systems for cars, which was some years ago, they were blockhead proprietary. The analogy would only work if computing was customarily blackbox technology, which it isn't. I'd be surprised if there were any branded flash drives that contained less than their advertised amount of storage. That leaves the question of what is going on under the hood in what is probably the vast majority of devices where the flash isn't fraudulent. And whether my system handles it correctly. My system leaves me with no idea of either (though my hope holds out for some tools I bookmarked recently). Reference to forums and specialist websites gives genuine cause for doubt. Yet I thought it was usual for system software to have a good angle on how its hardware was constructed and what it was doing. I thought they worked in symbiosis, and that this maintained by mutual necessity. I thought the symbiosis was kept unassailably whole by a common purpose: the user. What you say implies that this symbiosis has been broken by the commercial greed of flash manufacturers. Or that it is by neglect on their part, or lazyness, or some other cause of a fissure in industry relations. Whatever the reason, it raises another question, and that is what must be done so that I can simply format my USB without a concern and get back to my work. > even for a non-fradulent USB stick or SD card, there is no single way to measure "FTL quality". ... there are some things (such as the erase block size) which would be useful for tuning file system performance. And the technical people I've talked to at various Flash manufacturers all agree it's pointless to hide this information, but the product managers tend to be the roadblock. > This is perhaps telling. One would imagine the USB Industry Forum meeting the Association of (File) System Software Scribes or whatever at routine collegiate meetings in Las Vegas hotels, and so on. Which flash manufacturers have refused to collaborate? Why has the fabled industry forum failed? mb. _______________________________________________ Ext3-users mailing list Ext3-users@xxxxxxxxxx https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/ext3-users