Hello list,
I have troubles with the daily backup of a modest filesystem which
tends to take more that 10 hours. I have ext4 all over the place on ~200
servers and never ran into such a problem.
The filesystem capacity is 300 GB (19,6M inodes) with 196 GB (9,3M
inodes) used. It's mounted 'defaults,noatime'. It sits on a hardware
RAID array thru plain LVM slices. The RAID array is a RAID5 running on
5x SATA 500G disks, with a battery-backed (RAM) cache and write-back
cache policy. To be precise, it's an Areca 1231.
The hardware RAID array use 64kB stripes and I've configured the
filesystem with 4kB blocks and stride=16. It also has 0 reserved blocks.
In other works the fs was created with 'mkfs -t ext4 -E stride=16 -m 0
-L volname /dev/vgX/Y'. I'm attaching the mke2fs.conf for reference too.
Everything is running with Debian Squeeze and its 2.6.32 kernel (amd64
flavour), on a 4 cores and 4 GB RAM server.
I ran a tiobench tonight on an idle instance (I have two identicals
systems - hw, sw, data - with exactly the same pb). I've attached
results as plain text to protect them from line wrapping. They look fine
to me.
When I try to backup the problematic filesystem with tar, rsync or
whatever tool traversing the whole filesystem, things are awful. I know
that this filesystem has *lots* of directories, most with few or no
files in them. Tonight I ran a simple 'find /path/to/vol -type d |pv
-bl' (counts directories as they are found), I stopped it more than 2
hours later : it was not done, and already counted more than 2M
directories. IO stats showed 1000 read calls/sec with avq=1 and avio=5
ms. CPU is 2% so it is totally I/O bound. This looks like the worst
random read case to me.
I even tried a hack which tries to sort directories while traversing
the filesystem to no avail.
Right now I don't even know how to analyze my filesystem further.
Sorry for not being able to describe it more accurately. I'm in search
for any advice or direction to improve this situation. While keeping
using ext4 of course :).
PS: I did ask to the developers to not abuse the filesystem that way,
and that in 2013 it's okay to have 10k+ files per directory... No
success, so I guess I'll have to work around it.
filer:/srv/painfulvol/bench# tiobench --size 10000
Run #1: /usr/bin/tiotest -t 8 -f 1250 -r 500 -b 4096 -d . -T
Unit information
================
File size = megabytes
Blk Size = bytes
Rate = megabytes per second
CPU% = percentage of CPU used during the test
Latency = milliseconds
Lat% = percent of requests that took longer than X seconds
CPU Eff = Rate divided by CPU% - throughput per cpu load
Sequential Reads
File Blk Num Avg Maximum Lat% Lat% CPU
Identifier Size Size Thr Rate (CPU%) Latency Latency >2s >10s Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- --- ------ ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------- -----
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 1 215.82 42.21% 0.017 1384.29 0.00000 0.00000 511
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 2 129.51 48.53% 0.057 5115.46 0.00020 0.00000 267
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 4 89.80 66.26% 0.168 6697.64 0.00043 0.00000 136
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 8 77.11 113.3% 0.394 6750.12 0.00102 0.00000 68
Random Reads
File Blk Num Avg Maximum Lat% Lat% CPU
Identifier Size Size Thr Rate (CPU%) Latency Latency >2s >10s Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- --- ------ ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------- -----
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 1 0.79 0.302% 4.951 58.56 0.00000 0.00000 260
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 2 0.41 0.328% 17.165 174.55 0.00000 0.00000 126
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 4 0.80 1.024% 18.848 358.64 0.00000 0.00000 78
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 8 0.82 1.801% 35.989 808.74 0.00000 0.00000 45
Sequential Writes
File Blk Num Avg Maximum Lat% Lat% CPU
Identifier Size Size Thr Rate (CPU%) Latency Latency >2s >10s Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- --- ------ ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------- -----
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 1 243.70 78.53% 0.014 492.80 0.00000 0.00000 310
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 2 186.89 150.9% 0.037 1969.62 0.00000 0.00000 124
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 4 113.90 209.8% 0.122 6303.26 0.00137 0.00000 54
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 8 88.32 336.6% 0.307 9451.83 0.00285 0.00000 26
Random Writes
File Blk Num Avg Maximum Lat% Lat% CPU
Identifier Size Size Thr Rate (CPU%) Latency Latency >2s >10s Eff
---------------------------- ------ ----- --- ------ ------ --------- ----------- -------- -------- -----
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 1 107.11 101.4% 0.009 0.06 0.00000 0.00000 106
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 2 173.32 337.2% 0.010 0.04 0.00000 0.00000 51
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 4 224.92 921.3% 0.011 0.76 0.00000 0.00000 24
2.6.32-5-amd64 10000 4096 8 206.05 1598.% 0.012 1.00 0.00000 0.00000 13
[defaults]
base_features = sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index,ext_attr
blocksize = 4096
inode_size = 256
inode_ratio = 16384
[fs_types]
ext3 = {
features = has_journal
}
ext4 = {
features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize
inode_size = 256
}
ext4dev = {
features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize
inode_size = 256
options = test_fs=1
}
small = {
blocksize = 1024
inode_size = 128
inode_ratio = 4096
}
floppy = {
blocksize = 1024
inode_size = 128
inode_ratio = 8192
}
news = {
inode_ratio = 4096
}
largefile = {
inode_ratio = 1048576
blocksize = -1
}
largefile4 = {
inode_ratio = 4194304
blocksize = -1
}
hurd = {
blocksize = 4096
inode_size = 128
}
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