>It's an application issue. Thank you all.Here is detailed info. of what i did: I have created two files file7 and file8 using vi : [root@localhost ~]# vi file7 [root@localhost ~]# vi file8 and added content "this " and here is the ls output : [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file7 6933339 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2008-11-26 20:56 file7 [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file8 6933340 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2008-11-26 20:56 file8 Now i changed the permission for file8 : [root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 file8 [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file8 6933340 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 2008-11-26 20:56 file8 (After changing chmod inode remains same,since file8 data block are not modified.) Now i added / appended new character to both files using vi command [root@localhost ~]# vi file7 [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file7 6933311 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 2008-11-26 20:58 file7 As expected size and timestamp are updated . And along with inode numbers.(Earlier it was 6933339 -- now it is 6933311) [root@localhost ~]# vi file8 [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file8 6933340 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 2008-11-26 20:58 file8 [root@localhost ~]# But see here ,the inode remains the same(6933340) - though the content is modified Is Now i changed the file mode to 644 : [root@localhost ~]# chmod 644 file8 [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file8 6933340 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 2008-11-26 20:58 file8 and appended a new character [root@localhost ~]# ls -il file8 6933451 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 2008-11-26 21:07 file8 ...now the inode is also changed.(from 6933340 to 6933451) My doubts are : 1)Does files permission play any role in determining inode number of file when it's getting editted? 2)How application can decide on whether new inode / older inode,so far i thought it depends on functionality of filesystem/kernel. (I found edit files using different application like gedit doesn't change the inode.but vi changes inodes) (I have written little ext3 undelete tools,understanding these concepts will help me lot,If my assumption are wrong please correct me.) -- Cheers, Lakshmipathi.G _______________________________________________ Ext3-users mailing list Ext3-users@xxxxxxxxxx https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/ext3-users